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599- Week 2
Accommodations, Ergonomics, RTW
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| duty to accommodate | Legal duty to accommodate a person's needs based on the Human Rights Law Reasonable and justifiable Do not need to if undue hardship Applies to public spaces, employment, housing |
| examples of accommodations | Time off Modifying work env Modifying work duties Reorganizing work Purchase adaptive equipment |
| undue hardship | Financial costs Resources Disruption of operations Morale problems Health & safety Interference with other rights |
| bona fide occupational requirement vs. mieorin test | Requirements of job must be carried out, where otherwise if not done puts the individual at risk vs. Helps employers determine if standard/ policy/ rule is bona fide. |
| mieorin test elements | Standard is rationally connected to functions of job Standard established honestly & good faith, necessary to fulfill work related objective Standard is reasonably needed to accomplish goal- must do undue hardship |
| limitations vs. restrictions | Activities person is incapable of performing vs. Activities person can't perform safely and without harm to self or others Both can be permanent or temporary |
| physical accommodations | Intro of manual handling equipment Alternate between sitting & standing Alternative input devices Changes in hand tools Intro of cushioned mats & insoles Improved access or WFH |
| sensory accommodations | Vision Mobility aids Alternative lighting Control of environmental factors Screen readers Magnifiers Auditory Smartphone |
| cognitive accommodations | Memory aids, checklists Strategies to reduce distractions Chunking of info Use of calendars Body doubling Taking breaks Assigning mentor |
| behavioral accommodations | Break rooms Organizations of work schedules Quiet rooms Support animals & persons Use of apps to manage anxiety |
| process for accommodations | 1. Need identification 2. Formal request for the accommodation 3. Employers gather relevant info 4. Discuss options 5. Implement the accommodation |
| need identification vs. formal request for the accommodation | Employee should identify specific barriers they are facing & how these barriers impact ability to do job vs. Employee/ insurance formally request accommodation from employer, ideally in writing |
| employer gathers relevant info | Info about employee needs Nature of job Identify potential gaps Identification of potential accommodations |
| discuss options vs. implement the accommodation | Employer, employee, case manager and even union discuss potential accommodations & determine which ones will be most effective vs. Once accommodation agreed upon, implement & monitor to ensure everyone's needs are met |
| ergonomics | Science that addresses human performance & well being in relation to the job, equipment, tools, and environment |
| scope of reported discomfort | Workers reported MSI symptoms in shoulder, neck, upper back, wrist, and lower back Increased psych stress w/ more shoulder & upper back complaints Increased workload w/ increases in lower back complaints |
| neck pain | Women x2 likely, and those over 30 Due to sustained fwd neck flex, prolonged sitting, repetitive movements, mental tiredness, shortage of personnel |
| musculoskeletal injuries | Injuries & disorders of muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, spinal discs |
| AB OHS Code Part 14 Lifting and Handling Loads | Providing suitable equipment to reduce/eliminate manual handling Ax manual handling hazards Investigate & take action when workers report symptoms of MSI Train workers to reduce/ eliminate MSI risk factors |
| 1. CSA Z412-17(R2023) 2. BIFMA G- 2023 Ergonomics Guideline for Furniture 3. ISO Standards | 1. Office ergonomics- application standard for workplace ergonomics 2. Designed to address how furniture is designed to fit difference in heights & weights of people 3. International guidelines of things like volume and noise |
| RACE assessment | Recognize hazards Assess hazards Control hazards Evaluate controls |
| back and neck concerns vs. awkward posture | Most common sites for complaints Due to extended sitting & poor postures vs. Due to poor sitting postures, sitting for extended periods of time w/ no change |
| upper limb discomfort due to vs. shoulder risks | Arm pain Wrist discomfort Shoulder tension Neck pain Hand & finger numbness or tingling vs. Static posture, awkward posture, repetitive motion (elevated shoulder, overreach) |
| risk factors of hands & wrists | Awkward postures Repetitive motion Force-power grip & pinch Contact stress |
| lower limb discomfort | Varicose veins Cold feet Pressure around soft tissues of the legs and behind the knees |
| visual system vs. computer vision syndrome | Visual fatigue is most common Associated with headaches, dry/painful eyes, after images vs. Prolonged screen use & includes eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, dry eyes, neck & shoulder pain |
| causes of computer vision syndrome | Uninterrupted viewing Workstation set up Lighting Glare Uncorrected visual disorders |
| ergonomic chair requirements | Stable seating Appropriate for task Not circulation restriction Easy to maintain & change posture Support spine Enough friction on seat pan Comfortable Accommodate variability in population |
| proper screen position vs. monitor distance | Top of screen approximately eye level vs. 18-36inch away, large accommodates for difference in visual ability, monitor size, number of windows open at once |
| interventions for eyestrain | Manage glare Control blue light Ensure adequate lighting Adjust monitor height & distance Adjust screen font, size, contrast, brightness Explore computer specific lens Regular blinking & visual breaks Provision of education on CVS & prevention |
| reducing glare vs. work zones | Place monitor between overhead fixtures and right angles to windows vs. Primary zone and secondary zone If need to reach beyond, then recommend standing up |
| mice vs. trackball | Encourage more neutral posture, typical handed, come in multiple hand sizes vs. Useful for those that can't use traditional mouse, experience discomfort w/ mouse movement, need to alternate side of body when using device |
| voice recognition | Reduce keyboard & mouse use but need more vision Concerns: strained vocal cords, chronic hoarseness, fatigue, temporary loss of voice, fatigue |
| introduction of voice recoginition | Trial equipment Mix tech Avoid monotone voice Take breaks Speak naturally Maintain good posture Monitor humidity Avoid squinting Upgrade software |
| sit to stand considerations | Allow for ease of movements- casters appropriate for floor surfaces Allow for enough space to perform tasks Adjust easily between full sitting to standing Shoulders safe Ensure surface size & shape supports the task Avoid pinch points |
| 5 principles of ergonomics | 1. Versatility & flexibility 2. Fit 3. Postural change 4. Worker education & training 5. Maintainability Adaptability |
| versatility & flexibility | Versatility- Design features of workstation that helps perform do multiple tasks that are needed for important duties Flexibility- Design features that helps multiple people to use it comfortably & efficiently |
| fit | Extent to which work environment meets the needs of individual workers Can be achieved through selection & design of furniture, equipment, and work tasks Designing w/ adjustability helps w/ size variety |
| postural change | Static work should be avoided Design tasks, workstation, and layout should encourage postural change Microbreaks can be used to achieve postural change |
| worker education & training | Adjustable equipment & furniture is not enough Employees need to be educated & trained to understand the importance of setup |
| maintainability adaptability | Ensure equipment is good working order and critical ensuring an employees comfort at workstation Designs should be adaptable to accommodate changing work & task requirements |
| WCB | Created by gov Provide disability & liability coverage for work-related injury & illness Workers are compensated Employer funded & no fault insurance Employer pays premium to provide care to injured employee. Employee cannot sue |
| what happens when worker is injured? | Worker reports injury Employer submits injury report within 72 hours if beyond first aid Healthcare provider submits report to WCB within 48 hours |
| claim process | 1. Report claim 2. Claim classification- lost time, no lost time, interjurisdictional claim 3. Claim decision- accepted vs. not accepted 4. Treatment & recovery 5. RTW |
| report claim vs. interjurisdictional claim | Inform employer, physician, WCB Employer pays for day of accident & transport vs. Employee works in province that they don't live in, claim initiated in province they live in |
| claim benefits | Wage replacement- salary % Medical benefits Fatality & survivor benefits- grief counselling, pension Expense reimbursement |
| stakeholders of WCB | Worker- ax & tx Claim owner GP/ surgeon/ specialist Community/ RTW providers RE service providers Union & worker reps |
| assessments for WCB | Medical- MSE, BME, SME, BI Rehabilitation- BFE, CFCE, specialized, hand, gait RTWPM- PDA, discussion, onsite |
| type of services | PT/ chiro- set # OT- ax, mobility, seating, exposure therapy Psych- community tx, set # Home health- ongoing service Re-employment services- resume, helping different jobs |
| types of RTW | Hybrid- 2-3 days of rehab RTW provider based- 5 days/week of rehab Complex- chronic pain, complex injuries BI Traumatic psych injury & cumulative psych injury |
| types of re-employment services | Resumes Computer training Supported job search |
| RTW plans | Use info from PDA/RTWPM/CP and functional level to develop RTW plan Need knowledge of recovery times, physical restrictions, psych injury, how many hours Transitional RTW plan- during tx Gradual RTW plan- follow d/c from tx |
Created by:
craftycats_
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