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CST PREP
Microbiology and Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Microorganisms that cause disease are known as: a. Carriers b. Pathogens c. Vectors d. Saprophytes | b. Pathogens; Pathogens are disease-causing microorganism's. |
| 2. Microorganisms that can be macroscopic and treated with anthelmintic drugs are: a. Bacteria b. Rickettsiae c. Protozoa d. Parasitic worms | d. Parasitic worms; Parasitic worms (helminths), such as pinworms, round worms, or tapeworms, reproduce in the intestinal tract and may be seen in feces. |
| 3. Mycotic infections (athlete’s foot and ringworm) are caused by: a. Fungi b. Viruses c. Staphylococci d. Rickettsiae | a. Fungi; Tinea is a ring-shaped lesion caused by a fungus. Tinea pedis is a fungus infection of the foot, known as athlete’s foot. |
| 4. Organisms that cause hepatitis are: a. Bacteria b. Streptococci c. Protozoa d. Viruses | d. Viruses; Hepatitis is caused by a virus. |
| 5. The bacteria that are spherical in shape, appear in clusters, and are the most common cause of postoperative wound infections are: a. Treponema pallidum b. Clostridium perfringens c. Escherichia coli d. Staphylococcus aureus | d. Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical-shaped (coccus) bacterium which appears in clusters (staphyl-) and produces coagulase (the enzyme which coagulates plasma), resulting in the formation of pus or abscesses. |
| 6. Bacteria that live only in the presence of oxygen are called: a. Parasites b. Anaerobes c. Pathogens d. Aerobes | d. Aerobes; Aerobes are life forms which require air or oxygen for survival. |
| 7. Which of the following bacilli are spore-forming anaerobes, found in soil, and capable of causing gas gangrene? a. Clostridium perfringens b. Mycobacteria c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa d. Bacillus subtilis | a. Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium perfringens are anaerobic, found in soil, and cause gas gangrene as the result of a “dirty” or puncture wound. |
| 8. Which of the following infectious organisms is most likely to be transmitted through a contaminated needle stick? a. Clostridium perfringens b. Hepatitis B (HBV) c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis d. Streptococcus pneumoniae | b. Hepatitis B (HBV); Hepatitis B (HBV) is a virus which can be transmitted through contaminated blood. It is because of this fact that health care personnel subjected to blood contamination should be vaccinated against this virus. |
| 9. A tough, resistant “shell form” of some gram-positive bacilli which is extremely resistant to destruction and toward which all sterilization methods are aimed is a/an: a. Capsule b. Endotoxin c. Endospore d. Flagellum | c. Endospore; Like seeds, an endospore can survive extreme environmental conditions such as drying, freezing, or boiling and is the most resistant to destruction of any life form. |
| 10. An enzyme produced by some virulent microorganisms, such as the hemolytic streptococcus, that breaks down fibrin and leads to wound infection is: a. Fibrinolysin b. Coagulase c. Leucocidin d. Exotoxin | a. Fibrinolysin; Fibrinolysin is an enzyme produced by some virulent microorganisms that break down (lyse) fibrin (the basis of blood clot), leading to a wound infection. |
| 11. A microbial relationship in which one organism lives completely at the expense of the host is: a. Parasitism b. Commensalism c. Symbiosis d. Antibiosis | a. Parasitism; Parasitism is a microbial relationship in which one organism lives completely at the expense of the host. |
| 12. The most widely used method for identifying bacteria by dividing them into two groups is: a. Gram stain b. Acid-fast stain c. Simple stain d. Sensitivity study | a. Gram stain; certain bacteria retain a crystal violet stain (gram positive) after treatment with a fixative (Lugol’s iodine) |
| 13. Normal flora of the intestinal tract includes: a. Lactobacillus acidophilus b. Staphylococcus albus c. Streptococcus pyrogens d. Escherichia coli | d. Escherichia coli; E. coli (a member of the coliform group of bacteria) are gram-negative facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, found in the large intestines. nonpathogenic saprophytes in colon opportunistic pathogens in bladder or in a wound. |
| 14. The most likely portal of entry for the Treponema pallidum organism is: a. The respiratory tract b. A break in the skin c. The genitourinary tract d. The alimentary canal | c. The genitourinary tract; Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease. |
| 15. Which of the following factors would have the least effect in determining whether or not one exposed to a disease would contract it? a. Weight of host b. Resistance of the host c. Dose and virulence of the organism d. Duration of exposure | a. Weight of host; The critical factors in determining whether or not one exposed to a disease will contract is are resistance of the host, dose the organism, virulence of the organism, and duration of exposure. |
| 16. Host resistance to infection may be lowered by all of the following except: a. Poor circulation b. Presence of another disease process c. Emotional depression d. Proper nutritional state | d. Proper nutritional state; Proper nutrition increases resistance to disease. |
| 17. When a patient has a generalized (systemic) infection, the white blood cell (WBC) count would: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Stay the same d. Not be a factor | a. Increase; The white blood cells are phagocytes, which serve as the body’s second line of defense against infectious disease and would increase in umber during an infection, when the body is “mobilizing the troops.” |
| 18. The type of isolation recommended for the immunocompromised, burn, or organ transplant patient is: a. Protective b. Strict c. Enteric d. Drainage and secretions | a. Protective; Protective isolation (aka reverse isolation) protects a compromised host (i.e., burn or transplant patient) from being overcome with infection and mimics surgical asepsis, to keep infectious organisms away from the patient. |
| 19. Pathogens that get past the first line of defense are engulfed by white blood cells, a process known as: a. Filtration b. Phagocytosis c. Antigen-antibody reaction d. Immunization | b. Phagocytosis; Phagocytosis is the process of phagocytes (WBCs) engulfing and destroying bacteria. |
| 20. The immunity received by having had a disease (i.e., measles) is known as: a. Naturally acquired active immunity b. Artificially acquired active immunity c. Naturally acquired passive immunity d. Artificially acquired passive immunity | a. Naturally acquired active immunity; protection provided by the body actively producing antibodies in response to specific antigens. This type of immunity is naturally acquired as a result of having the disease and is long lasting. |
| 21. When a person forms antibodies against his or her own tissues, it is known as: a. Autoimmunity b. Rejection syndrome c. Anaphylaxis d. Passive immunity | a. Autoimmunity; Autoimmunity is a condition characterized by a specific humoral or cell-mediated immune response against constituents of the body’s own tissues. |
| 22. An infection acquired while one is being treated in a health care facility is known as: a. Primary infection b. Acute infection c. Community-acquired infection d. Nosocomial infection | d. Nosocomial infection; A nosocomial infection is one that originates while a patient is in the hospital (health care institution) and may be referred to as iatrogenic. |
| 23. When an infection is caused by a patient’s own normal flora, the source would be referred to as: a. Endogenous b. Exogenous c. Transient d. Airborne | a. Endogenous; The source of an infection caused by the patient’s own normal flora would come from within (endogenous). |
| 24. Airborne contamination in the operating room can be reduced by: a. Negative air pressure b. Filtering out particles with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters c. Increasing traffic in and out of rooms d. Sterilization | b. Filtering out particles with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters; Airborne contamination can be reduced by using positive air pressure, and high-efficiency filters to clean the air |
| 25. Standard Precautions are to be implemented: a. When the patient is immunocompromised b. For patients with hepatitis B c. When the health care provider has open lesions on the hands d. When blood or body fluids may be encountered | d. When blood or body fluids may be encountered; Standard Precautions are to be implemented anytime blood or body fluids may be encountered. |
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kinseyj27
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