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phys of ex
CHAPTER 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the barometric pressure? | 760 mmHg at sea level |
| What is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level? | 159 mmHg |
| What is hypobaria? | low pressure |
| What is hypoxia? | low oxygen in tissues |
| What is hypoxemia? | low oxygen in blood |
| What is the effect of low altitude on athletes? | performance may be decreased but restored by acclimation; no effect on well being |
| What is the effect of moderate altitude on athletes? | may cause health issues to people who are unacclimated; performance may or may not be restored by acclimation. |
| What is the high altitude effect on athletes? | acute mountain sickness, HAPE, HACE; Performance decreases & is not restored by acclimation |
| HAPE | high altitude pulmonary edema; a problem with vasoconstriction |
| HACE | high altitude cerebral edema; vasodilation; fluid build up in the brain; |
| What is the extreme high altitude effect on athletes? | severe hypoxic effects |
| Partial pressure of oxygen on Mt. Everest | 52 mmHg |
| What are the changes in air temperature at higher altitudes? | decreases 1 degree celsius per 150 m ascent |
| What are the changes in humidity at higher altitudes? | it gets much drier as you go higher |
| What is the change in solar radiation at higher altitudes? | increases at high altitude |
| pathway as you go up a mountain pt1 | - Pulmonary ventilation immediately goes up (breathing increases significantly) - Ventilation increases at rest and submaximal exercise (but not maximal exercise - Respiratory alkalosis = high blood pH - Kidneys excrete more bicarbonate |
| pathway as you go up a mountain pt2 | - plasma volume decreases within a few hours (only short term) |
| why does the red blood cell count go up in an acute altitude response? | hypoxemia triggers EPO release from kidneys; there is an increase of red blood cell production in the bone marrow; long term this leads to increase in hematocrit |
| why is cardiac output high? | heart rate is higher |
| why does basal metabolic rate increase? | increase of thyroxine increase catecholamine |
| what should you do to keep body mass? | increase food intake |
| why does VO2 Max decreases as altitude increases? | There is a low arterial partial pressure of oxygen & a low Qmax |
| is anaerobic performance affected in high altitude? | no because anaerobic does not use oxygen |
| Liters of oxygen you are breathing in at rest? | 5-6 liters |
| Liters of blood in your body? | 5-6 liters |
| If you are eating the same amount of food, what will happen to your body mass at high altitude? | you will lose muscle mass |
| why is living at high altitude and training at low altitude the best possible scenario | there is an increase in performance (example was park city & SLC); creates passive acclimation to altitude but the training intensity is not compromised by the low partial pressure of oxygen |
| Is performance restored in moderate altitude by acclimation? | Sometimes |
| Is performance restored in low altitude by acclimation? | yes |
| Is performance restored in high altitude by acclimation? | no |
| What happens to performance & aerobic capacity in moderate altitudes? | They decrease |
| What happens to performance in high altitudes? | decreases |
| What happens to performance in low altitudes? | decreases |
| What is it about humidity that makes dehydration happen faster at higher altitude? | the air is dryer - - cold air holds little water; dehydration occurs in the skin & the lungs |
| What are teh physiological responses to acute altitude exposure? | increase ventilations (hyperventilation) - - alveolar PCO2 decreases leading to an increase in the CO2 gradient --blowing off CO2 equals to respiratory alkalosis |
| What is respiratory alkalosis? | High blood pH |
| What should athletes do in acute altitude exposure? (nutrition wise) | Increase iron intake to support the increase in the hematocrit; increase food intake because their appetite declines & they are at risk of a deficit |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on plasma volume? | First it decreases then increases |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on capillary density? | increase |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on muscle mass? | decrease due to weight loss |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on hemoglobin? | increase in proportion to elevation |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on blood adaptations? | increase in EPO releases for 2-3 days; elevated RBC count for 3+months |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on pulmonary adaptations? | increase ventilations at rest & exercise |
| What are the effects of prolonged exposure of altitude on inspiratory muscle function? | increase - - because of increased ventilations |
Created by:
italianhannah
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