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Defintion
Helena, a lowborn physician’s daughter, loves Bertram, a nobleman. She cures the King of France, who grants her Bertram’s hand. Bertram flees, setting impossible conditions for their marriage. Helena tricks him into fulfilling them.
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Defintion
Rosalind, banished from court, disguises as a man (Ganymede) in the Forest of Arden. She meets exiled Duke Senior, her father, and Orlando, her love. Romantic and philosophical hijinks ensue; everyone pairs off.
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Shakespeare Plays
| Defintion | Term |
|---|---|
| Helena, a lowborn physician’s daughter, loves Bertram, a nobleman. She cures the King of France, who grants her Bertram’s hand. Bertram flees, setting impossible conditions for their marriage. Helena tricks him into fulfilling them. | All's Well That Ends Well |
| Rosalind, banished from court, disguises as a man (Ganymede) in the Forest of Arden. She meets exiled Duke Senior, her father, and Orlando, her love. Romantic and philosophical hijinks ensue; everyone pairs off. | As you Like It |
| Twin brothers Antipholus (of Syracuse and Ephesus) and their twin servants, both named Dromio, are separated at birth. Mistaken identities in Ephesus lead to chaos until a family reunion sorts it out. | The Comedy of Errors |
| The King of Navarre and three lords swear off women to focus on study. They meet the Princess of France and her ladies, fall in love, and break their oaths. The ending delays marriages due to a death. | Love's Labour's Lost |
| Duke Vincentio pretends to leave Vienna, leaving Angelo in charge. Angelo sentences Claudio to death for fornication. Claudio’s sister, Isabella, pleads for mercy; Angelo demands her virtue. The Duke manipulates a resolution. | Measure for Measure |
| Bassanio seeks Portia’s hand, funded by Antonio’s loan from Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. Antonio defaults; Shylock demands a pound of flesh. Portia, disguised as a lawyer, saves Antonio. | The Merchant of Venice |
| Falstaff, broke, tries to woo two married women, Mistress Ford and Mistress Page, for money. They outwit him with pranks, while young Anne Page navigates her own suitors. | The Merry Wives of WIndsor |
| Lovers Hermia, Lysander, Helena, and Demetrius get tangled in a forest where fairy king Oberon and queen Titania feud. Puck’s magic causes chaos (e.g., Bottom’s donkey head), but love resolves. | A Midsummer Night's Dream |
| Claudio loves Hero, but Don John slanders her, faking her infidelity. She “dies” of shame, then is vindicated. Meanwhile, Beatrice and Benedick spar wittily and fall in love. | Much Ado About Nothing |
| Petruchio “tames” fiery Katherina into a submissive wife to marry her, while Lucentio woos her sister Bianca. The play ends with Kate’s controversial speech on wifely duty. | The Taming of the Shrew |
| Viola, shipwrecked, disguises as a man (Cesario) and serves Duke Orsino, who loves Olivia. Olivia loves Cesario; Viola loves Orsino. Viola’s twin, Sebastian, arrives, untangling the triangle. | Twelfth Night |
| Valentine and Proteus, friends, love Silvia. Proteus betrays Valentine and his own lover, Julia (disguised as a page). After betrayals, all reconcile implausibly. | The Two Gentlemen of Verona |
| Palamon and Arcite, cousins, both love Emilia while imprisoned. Freed, they duel for her hand. Arcite wins but dies; Palamon marries Emilia. | The Two Noble Kinsmen |
| King Leontes wrongly accuses Queen Hermione of adultery with Polixenes. Hermione “dies”; their baby, Perdita, is abandoned. Years later, Perdita’s love story reunites the family; Hermione revives. | The Winter's Tale |
| King X faces rebellion, French invasion, and a disputed throne. His nephew Arthur dies suspiciously; X is poisoned after barons revolt. His son becomes Henry III. | King John |
| X's mismanagement alienates nobles. Henry Bolingbroke deposes him, becoming Henry IV. X is imprisoned and murdered. | Richard II |
| King X faces rebellion from Hotspur and others. Prince Hal, his son, carouses with Falstaff but proves himself at the Battle of Shrewsbury, killing Hotspur. | Henry IV, Part I |
| Rebellion continues; Hal matures, rejecting Falstaff’s influence. X dies, and Hal becomes Henry V, embracing duty. | Henry IV, Part II |
| X invades France, winning at Agincourt despite odds. He woos Princess Katherine, securing peace (temporarily). | Henry V |
| X's reign sees England lose French territories. Joan of Arc aids France; factions in England (York vs. Lancaster) spark the Wars of the Roses. | Henry VI, Part I |
| Civil strife grows as York challenges X's throne. Jack Cade’s rebellion erupts; York’s sons plot. Queen Margaret emerges as a fierce player. | Henry VI Part II |
| Wars of the Roses intensify. York dies; his sons fight on. X is deposed, then briefly restored, before Edward IV (York’s son) triumphs. | Henry VI Part III |
| X, Duke of Gloucester, schemes to become king, murdering kin and rivals. He’s crowned but loses support. Henry Tudor defeats him at Bosworth, becoming Henry VII. | Richard III |
| X divorces Katherine of Aragon, marries Anne Boleyn, and breaks with Rome. Political maneuvering surrounds Wolsey’s fall and Cranmer’s rise. | Henry VIII |
| X, infatuated with Y, neglects Rome. Octavius Caesar defeats him at Actium. X and Y die by suicide, defying Caesar’s triumph. | Antony and Cleopatra |
| Roman general X, proud and inflexible, wins battles but alienates the plebeians. Banished, he joins enemy Aufidius, then betrays him. He’s killed. | Coriolanus |
| Prince X learns from his father’s ghost that King Claudius murdered him. X feigns madness, seeks revenge, and delays, leading to a tragic pile-up of deaths. | Hamlet |
| Brutus, persuaded by Cassius, joins a conspiracy to assassinate X, fearing his ambition. After the murder, Antony incites rebellion. Brutus and Cassius lose at Philippi and die. | Julius Caesar |
| X divides his kingdom among daughters Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia, based on flattery. Cordelia’s honesty gets her banished. X descends into madness as his elder daughters betray him. Nearly all die. | King Lear |
| X, spurred by witches’ prophecies and Lady X, kills King Duncan to become king. Paranoia leads to more murders. Macduff and Malcolm overthrow him; X dies. | Macbeth |
| Iago manipulates X into believing his wife, Desdemona, is unfaithful with Cassio. X, consumed by jealousy, kills her, then learns the truth and kills himself. | Othello |
| X (Montague) and Y (Capulet), from feuding families, fall in love. Secret marriage fails to stop violence. Miscommunication leads to their suicides, reconciling the families. | Romeo and Juliet |
| Wealthy X gives lavishly to friends. When bankrupt, they abandon him. He becomes a misanthrope, dies alone, cursing humanity. | Timon of Athens |
| Roman general X faces Tamora, Goth queen, in a revenge cycle. Murders, rape, and cannibalism escalate (Tamora eats her sons in a pie). Most die. | Titus Andronicus |
| King X's daughter Imogen loves Posthumus, but he’s banished. Iachimo bets Posthumus Imogen is unfaithful, faking evidence. Disguises and war resolve the mess; all reconcile. | Cymbeline |
| X flees danger, wins Thaisa, and loses her and their daughter Marina to storms and pirates. Years later, they reunite miraculously. | Pericles, Prince of Tyre |
| Prospero, exiled duke, uses magic to strand his enemies on his island. He orchestrates his daughter Miranda’s love for Ferdinand and forgives his foes, renouncing magic. | The Tempest |
| During the Trojan War, lovers X and Y are torn apart by war and betrayal, while Greek and Trojan leaders bicker. | Troilus and Cressida |
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