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Human Physiology
physiology part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three main parts of a synapse | Presynaptic neuron – sends the signal with neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft – the small gap between neurons Postsynaptic neuron – receives the signal using receptors |
| What happens to neurotransmitters in a synapse | Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron to pass along the signal. |
| What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex | Somatic reflexes involve voluntary muscles like those that move your arms and legs. Autonomic reflexes control involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion, and breathing. |
| What does parasympathetic stimulation do? | Parasympathetic stimulation helps the body relax. It slows the heart rate, increases digestion, and promotes rest and recovery. It's often called the "rest and digest" response. |
| What is norepinephrine | Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a key role in the body’s "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, raises blood pressure, and helps the body respond to stress or danger. |
| What is the two-point discrimination test | Measures how well you can tell that two nearby objects touching the skin are actually two separate points. It's used to test sensory nerve function, and areas like the fingertips can detect two points much closer together than areas like the back. |
| What is the olfactory tract | The olfactory tract is a bundle of nerve fibers that carries smell information from the olfactory bulb to different parts of the brain, including areas involved in identifying and processing odors. |
| What are neutrophils | Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are part of the immune system. They are the first responders to infections, especially bacterial ones, and help fight off pathogens by engulfing and destroying them through a process called phagocytosis. |
| What is IgD | A type of antibody found on the surface of B cells. It plays a role in the initiation of immune responses by helping B cells recognize antigens. IgD is also involved in the activation of B cells, |
| What is the PCO2 in alveolar air? | The PCO2 in alveolar air is about 40 mmHg, balancing the CO2 entering from the blood and being exhaled from the lungs. This helps maintain stable CO2 levels in the blood for proper pH regulation. |
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rosiemg89
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