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Physiology Weel 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Serotonin is an example of a(n): | amine neurotransmitter |
| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | catecholamines. |
| When an impulse reaches a synapse: | an electrical spark will jump the gap. |
| Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest? | A large-diameter neuron with myelin |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body? | Almost 300 times faster |
| No impulse can be sent through a neuron: | during the absolute refractory period. |
| Which of the following is not true of the knee jerk reflex? | It is a flexor reflex. |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic |
| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | vagus |
| The knee jerk can be classified as a segmental reflex because: | impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord. |
| Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because: | preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers. |
| Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of _____ years. | 1.5-2 |
| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | willed movement |
| The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: | anterior pituitary |
| The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is: | protein kinases activate other enzymes. |
| Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or “crude” sensation awareness? | Thalamus |
| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: Correct! | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| The two-point discrimination test can be used to measure: | the sensitivity of the skin in various parts of the body. |
| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA. |
| If you slammed your finger in a car door, it would stimulate _____ pain fibers. | acute |
| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the | crista ampullaris. |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia. |
| Circulatory shock caused by a drop in the amount of blood in the circulatory system is called _____ shock. | hypovolemic |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator. |
| A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: | polycythemia. |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemodynamics |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site. |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? | interferon |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| The function of which antibody is basically unknown? | IgD |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? | lymphotoxin |
| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | lymphokinetic activities. |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli. |
| Internal respiration can be defined as: | the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissue cells. |
| Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas varies _____ with pressure at a _____ temperature. | inversely; constant |
| By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood’s hemoglobin has united with oxygen? | 97% |
| Which gas law deals with the solubility of gases in solution? | Henry |
| The major form by which carbon dioxide is transported in the circulatory system is: | as bicarbonate ions. |
| Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise? | Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise, causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate. |
| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | a decrease in alveolar pressure. |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150 |
| The process of swallowing is known as: | deglutition |
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: | protein. |
| The purpose of peristalsis is to: | propel food forward along the GI tract. |
| The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are: | glycerol and fatty acids. |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide. |
| When classified according to the kind of chemical reactions catalyzed, digestive enzymes are referred to as _____ enzymes. | hydrolyzing |
| The enterogastric reflex causes: | inhibition of gastric peristalsis. |
| An end product of fat digestion is: | glycerol. |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | amylase. |
| Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? | Oropharynx |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
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hipolangelyn
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