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4.01 nature accounti
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accounting | The process of keeping and interpreting financial records |
| Accounts payable | All monies owed by the business to others |
| Accounts receviable | All monies owed to a firm by its customers |
| Acquisition of funds | Finance activity involving making decisions about financing |
| Administration of assets | finance activity involving making decisions about a firms investments |
| assets | Anything of value that a business or individual owns |
| Capital budgeting | A process in which a firms financial managers determine which projects it should invest in |
| capital investment decisions | decisions that determine which projects a business will invest in, how the investments will be financed, and whether to pay dividends to shareholders |
| Capital structure | a firms mix of financing, usually some combination of debt and equity |
| cash conversion cycle | ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials |
| debt funding | using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project |
| dividend | a sum of money paid to an investor or stockholder as earnings on an investment |
| equity funding | using money from investors to finance a project in exchange for shares in the company |
| Finance | in business, the function that involves all money and money management matters |
| financing | Funding a business activity or project through debt, equity, or venture capital |
| return on capital | a measure of how well a business generates cash flow in relation to the capital it has already invested in itself |
| venture capital | invested money used for new business opportunities |
| working capital management | Management of a firms current balance of assets and liabilities; involves accounts payable and receivable, inventory, and cash |
| accountant | an individual who has had specialized training in accounting procedures |
| accounting cycle | a process or series of steps that businesses complete to maintain their financial records effectively |
| accounting standards | rules that accountants must follow when preparing financial statements |
| accounting system | the methods and procedures used in consistently handling the business's financial information |
| accrual accounting method | a method of accounting that records transactions at thhe time they occur even if no money changes hands at he time |
| assets | anything of value that a business owns |
| balance sheet | a financial statement that captures the financial condition of the business at the particular moment |
| bookkeeping | the steps of the accounting cycle that involve recording each business transition; the process of analyzing finacial transitions, journalizing transactions, posting to ledgers, and balancing the books |
| cash | currency and coins |
| cash accounting method | an accounting method in which income and expendituers are recorded at the time the money changes hands |
| cash flow statement | a financial summary with estimates as to when, where, how much money will flow into and out of a business |
| credit | the arrangement by which businesses or individuals can purchase now and pay later |
| expenditures | the monies that a business spends; also called expenses |
| expenses | the monies that a business spends; also called expenditures |
| financial accounting | a type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial date to external users who are not directly involved in business operations |
| financial statement | a summary of accounting information |
| income | money received by a business or an individual from outside sources |
| income statement | a financial summary that show how much money the business has made or has lost |
| investors | those who invest their funds in a business |
| journal | a special book or computer program in which a business transactions are recorded in the order in which they occur |
| ledger | the accounting record for a specific department or area of the business |
| liabilities | debts that the debts business owes |
| managerial accounting | a type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial date to internal users |
| net plans | the total value of the business |
| owener's equity | The amount an owner has invested in the business plus or minus profits and losses |
| transaction | a business activity such as a sale, a purchase, or return |
| trial balance | the listing of a business's different accounts and their current balances. |
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