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Enzyme Co-Factors

other molecules that are important for enzyme activity

TermDefinition
Enzymes Biological catalysts for chemical reactions.
Cofactors Non-protein molecules aiding enzyme function.
Metal ions Essential cofactors for many enzymes' activity.
Metalloenzymes Enzymes with tightly bound metal ions.
Metal-activated enzymes Enzymes that loosely bind metal ions.
Transiently bound Cofactors that temporarily associate with enzymes.
Prosthetic groups Covalently attached cofactors for enzyme activity.
Apoenzyme Inactive enzyme without its cofactor.
Holoenzyme Active enzyme with its cofactor.
Catalase Enzyme containing Fe3+ for hydrogen peroxide breakdown.
Hexokinase Tetrameric enzyme using Mg2+ for phosphorylation.
Coenzymes Organic molecules assisting enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Activated carriers Molecules that transport electrons in metabolism.
NAD+ Pyridine nucleotide, major electron carrier.
NADH Reduced form of NAD+, carries electrons.
FAD Flavin nucleotide, another major electron carrier.
NADPH Reduced form of NADP+, used in biosynthesis.
Coenzyme A Carrier of acyl groups in metabolism.
Reductive biosynthesis Process requiring reducing power to synthesize biomolecules.
Pantothenate Vitamin B5, component of Coenzyme A.
Isoalloxazine ring Active part of FAD for electron transfer.
Kinetically stable Coenzymes remain stable without enzyme presence.
Electrostatic stabilization Metal ions shield negative charges in reactions.
Hydrolysis of thioester Favorable reaction releasing acetyl group from CoA.
Vitamin-derived coenzymes Coenzymes originating from water-soluble vitamins.
Allosteric activator Molecule that enhances enzyme activity through binding.
Created by: tunbridgeerin
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