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Periods & Movements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Age of Johnson | (1750-1790) This period marks the transition toward the upcoming Romanticism through the period is still largely neoclassical. Samuel Johnson. Colonial period in America- Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine. |
| Age of Reason (Enlightenment) | A term generally used for the Enlightenment in the late 17th and 18th century- emphasized self-knowledge, self-control, rationalism, and order. |
| Age of Sensibility | (1744 - 1785) This age anticipates the Romantic period. In contrast to the Augustan era, it is focused upon instinct, feeling, imagination, and sometimes the sublime. New cultural attitudes and new theories of literature emerged at this time. |
| American Colonial Period | (1607-1765): from Jamestown founding to the Stamp Act. Edward Taylor, Jonathan Edwards, and Benjamin Franklin |
| Anglo-Norman Period | The period in English literature between 1100 and 1350, which is also often called the Early Middle English Period and is frequently dated from the Conquest in 1066. |
| Apocalyptics | A movement of English Poetry flourishing between 1935 and 1950 led by Henry Treece and J.R. Hendey. |
| Augustan Age | A style of English literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century, ending in the 1740s with the deaths of Pope and Swift (1744 and 1745, respectively) |
| Caroline Age | Applied to the period of Charles I reign and to the spirit of the court, which was defined by its melancholy literature, decadent drama, and emphasis on classicism. It was in the Caroline times that Puritan migration was heaviest. |
| Commonwealth Interregnum | The period between Charles I's execution and the restoration of the monarchy under Charles II, during which England was ruled by Parliament under the control of the Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. |
| Contemporary Period | 1900-present; characterized by avoided major and minor tonalities, quartal harmony, bitonality, polytonality, atonality, irregular and changing meters, polyphonic texture, Neo-Classic writing, serial or Twelve-Tone music, etc. |
| Cubism | An early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage. |
| Dadaism | An artistic movement that had a purposely nonsensical name, expressing its total rejection of previous modern art. |
| Early Tudor Age | Time: 1500 - 1558 (Britain) The Early Tudor period is the first phase of the Renaissance period. This period is known for its poetry and nonfiction prose. English literature's first dramatic comedy, Ralph Roister Doister, was first performed in 1553. |
| Early Tudor Period | War of the Roses ends in English with Henry VII claiming the throne - Martin Luther's split with roman Catholic church marks emergence of Protestantism - first Protestant church in England - Edmund Spenser (poet) |
| Early Victorian Period | 1832-1870 ~ This period was a time of the gradual tempering of the romantic impulse and the steady growth of realism. |
| Edwardian Age | The period between Queen Victoria's death and WWI and named in honor of King Edward VII. The attitude of the people was critical and questioning. There was a growing distrust and there was a deep-felt need to examine institutions. |
| Elizabethan Age | The segment of the Renaissance during the reign of Elizabeth 1. This age saw the development of English drama to tis highest level, a great outburst of lyric poetry and a new interest of criticism. |
| Enlightenment | 18th century movement led by French intellectuals who advocated reason as the universal source of knowledge and truth. |
| Federalist Age | Period between formation of National government and the 2nd revolution. "Of Jacksonian Democracy (because of dominance in Red Party") "Era of Good Feeling" |
| Federalist Period | A time period in American history from roughly 1789-1801 when the Federalist Party was dominant in American politics. This period saw the adoption of the United States Constitution and the expansion of the federal government. |
| Georgian Age | A period in English literary history that begins with the First World War and whose literary voices include poets Yeats, Eliot, and Hardy and whose experimental fiction includes works by Woolf, Joyce, and to some degree, Conrad |
| Great Awakening | (1730s and 1740s) Religious movement characterized by emotional preaching (Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield). The first cultural movement to unite the Thirteen Colonies. Associated with the democratization of religion. |
| Harlem Renaissance | A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished. |
| Irish Literary Revival | The literary movement immediately associated with the Abbey Theater and William Butler Yeats. |
| Jacobean Age | The portion of the Renaissance during the reign of James I (1603-1625). The literature was a rich flowering of the Elizabethan Age and showed attitudes of the Caroline Age. |
| Middle English Period | The period in English literature between the replacement of French by English as the language of the court and the appearance of modern writings. |
| Modernist Period | (1914-1945) Began with WWI traditional notions of humanity and society/writers experimented with new, innovative techniques/protested against the nature of society. F. Scott Fitzgerald, T.S. Elliot, Robert Frost, James Joyce. |
| Naturalistic and Symbolic Period | The period in American literary history covering 1900 to 1930 that is known for, in part, the virtual birth of modern American poetry. |
| Neoclassic Period | Period in English literature between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the publication of lyrical ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798. |
| Old English Period | The period between the invasion of England by the Teutonic tribes of Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, beginning around 428, and the establishment of Norman rule around 1100, following the triumphant Conquest by the Norman French under William the Conqueror. |
| Oxford Movement | The movement within the Church of England to reintroduce many Roman Catholic practices. |
| Post-Modernist Period | Post WWII, characterized by heavy reliance on techniques like fragmentation, paradox, and questionable narrators. Kurt Vonnegut. |
| Pre-Raphaelitism (Fleshly School) | A movement against the prevailing conventional methods of painting. Wanting absolute uncompromising truth, by elaborating everything, their poetry included an attention to minute detail. Also called "Fleshly School." |
| Realistic Age | The American Literature period after the Civil War that was impacted by Darwin, Marx, and others advancing a scientific attitude. |
| Realistic Period | The third stage of Ginzberg's theory, which occurs in early adulthood, when people begin to explore specific career options, either through actual experience on the job or through training for a profession, and then narrow their choices and commit to it. |
| Restoration Age | The Stuarts were restored to the throne of England. The literature was a reaction to Puritanism. A comedy of manners appeared in literature, the heroic drama appeared on the stage, and Dryden was the greatest poet of the period. |
| Romantic Movement | A movement in response to the cold rationality of the Enlightenment that stressed poetic, religious, and visionary human experience; sought to combine the "reason" of the Enlightenment with a renewed "faith" in the poetic powers of the human being. |
| Romantic Period | The era from 1790-1850 characterized by art and literature that presented unrealistic situations and highly idealized subjects and characters; most of Cooper's stories or works by Walter Scott. |
| Sturm and Drang | A proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. |
| Transcendentalism | A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. |
| Victorian Age | Reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain (1837-1901). The term is also used to describe late-nineteenth-century society, with its rigid moral standards and sharply differentiated roles for men and women and for middle-class and working-class people. |
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