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Literature 1

Terminology

TermDefinition
Inciting incident The moment in the story that begins the conflict.
Exposition The part of the story where we learn the setup of the story, the situation at the start and the characters.
Rising action The stuff that happens between the start and the climax.
Climax The most exciting / dramatic moment in the story where the conflict begins to get the problem.
Falling action Resolutions of the problems.
Resolution The part of the story where we see the effects of what has happened during the conflict / as a result of the conflict.
Foreshadowing Signs of what might happen later on.
Internal conflict Person vs itself
External conflict Person vs person
Person vs society When a person struggles against society.
Person vs nature The world is doing something that causes a mess.
Person vs fate Something you can't control, because of fate.
Protagonist They who struggle. The hero.
Antagonist They who struggle against the hero. The villain.
Flat character No insight to internal.
Round character Person with different acts with different people.
Static character Doesn't change or evolve.
Dynamic character Character changes
Stereotype A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Hero A person who is admired for their courage, noble achievement, or noble qualities.
Anti-hero The protagonist of the story who does bad things, but we follow them from a sympathetic POV.
Foil A character that shows the opposite characteristics. Somewhat similar to those of the hero, but does other things with it.
Sympathetic Feeling, showing, or expressing sympathy.
Direct characterization Telling directly (John is good).
Indirect characterization Telling indirectly (John helps...).
Narrator The teller of the story .
First person reliable The reader or audience sees the story through the narrators view and knowledge only.
First person unreliable Sometimes, these characters deviate from the truth or have mental conditions that limit their abilities to tell the story accurately. We call these readers unreliable narrators.
Third person omniscient Someone who knows everything, so a narrator who knows everything.
Third person limited omniscient They know about some characters, not all.
Third person objective (familiar/unfamiliar) The narrator doesn't favor one character's perspective over another, so the narrative is unbiased (objective)
Physical setting Place and time.
Social context Cultural and historical knowledge of physical setting. Knowledge of the author.
Mood The atmosphere that a text creates through choice of words and imagery.
Imagery When a text creates or suggest a certain feeling through words and description of images.
Symbols The meaning of something beyond the thing itself.
Similes An expliciet metaphor (my love for you is like a rose).
Metaphors Comparison between two things to highlight certain shared qualities between them.
Personification Describes qualities of a human onto a non-human thing.
Onomatopoeia Word that are written to represent a sound (BAM! BOOM!).
Dramatic irony When you know something that a character doesn't know.
Structural irony The text says a certain thing, but the author wants you to get something else out of it. A hidden message.
Situationeel irony It's the least you expect, but it still happens.
Verbal irony Use words that means the opposite of what it means. Sarcasm.
Theme The general message of the text.
Created by: Roudaina
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