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science test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define evolution | A change over time in an organism |
| What is adaptation | Any inherited characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival |
| what is natural selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully |
| What is natural variation | differences between organisms in a species |
| Define artificial selection | When you bred two organisms with desirable traits to produce another organism with desired traits |
| What is Fitness | on organisms' ability to survive and reproduce |
| What are vestigial organs | organs that serve no useful current function |
| what are homologous structures | When organisms have a similar bone structure but they have a different function |
| what is a gene pool | the combined genetic information of all members of a population |
| what is relative frequency | the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the number of other alleles |
| what are the examples that Darwin used to illustrate evolution | Geographical distribution evident by fossils descent with modification common descent vestigial organs homologous body structure similarities in early development |
| what is specification and what are the three reproductively isolating factors | Specification is creation of a new species due to Behavorial isolation geographic isolation temporal isolation |
| what is a Fossil | preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organisms |
| What was Lamarck's theory | When an organism willed itself to grow whatever it wants and change its own DNA( Giraffes) |
| what is a cladogram | shows evolutionary patterns of species |
| what kind of cells where the first ones on earth | Bacterial cells |
| what elements where initially on earth what was not present | Hydrogen, Cyanide, CO2, CO, nitrogen, Sulfide, & H2O.Oxygen was not present |
| What did miller and Urey's experiment demonstrate | the experiment demonstrated how the first life on earth formed |
| what are the six patterns of macroevolution | Gradualism Punctuated equilibrium Mass extinctions Adaptive radiation convergent evolution coevolution |
| what is relative dating | used for determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossil s in the other rock layers |
| what is radioactive dating | the use of radioactive half-lives to determine the age of a sample. The age of the sample is based on the amount of remain isotope it contains |
| what kind of rock are fossils found in | sedimentary |
| how do you know if a fossil is old or new | the higher the fossil is in the ground the newer it is the deeper the older |
| punctuated equilibrium vs gradualism | punctuated pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by periods of more rapid changes Gradualism- Darwin's theory included the fact that evolutionary changes take place slowly and that species change gradually over time |
| polygenic trait | trait controlled by 2 or more alleles |
| mass extinction | 95% of life wiped out |
| coevolution | 2 species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| convergent evolution | unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments |
| what caused competition | high birth rates & need shortage |
| theory | a well-supported testable explanation |
Created by:
Fernando.Quezada
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