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Karyotype

Help memorizing karyotype vocab

TermDefinition
Karyotype An image or visual of the metaphase, chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position. They can be used to identify Certain chromosomal abnormalities.
Autosomes A Chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism.
Sex Chromosomes A Chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female.
Homologous Chromosomes The two chromosomes that make up matched pair in a diploid call.
Diploid Cell A Cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each perent.
Somatic Cell Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell or a cell that develops into a Sperm or egg
Locus The particular site a gene is found on a chromosome. Homologous chromosomes have corresponding gene loci (plural)
Nondisjunction An accident of Meiosis or mitosis in which a Pair of homologous Chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate at anaphase.
Artificial breeding creating new breeds of animals and new crop plants to improve our food.
Selective breeding allowing animals and plants with certain traits to breed and produce offspring with desired traits.
Inbreeding breeding genetically similar organisms - positive - preserves desired traits| negative - can produce unwanted traits
Hybridization (outbreeding) crossing dissimilar organisms to get best of both qualities.
Recombinant DNA combining genes from two different sources
Biotechnology The use of living organisms or biological systems to develop products or processes for specific applications, such as medicine, agriculture, and industry.
DNA Fingerprint A pattern of DNA markers used to identify individuals or organisms, often for forensic or paternity testing.
DNA Ligase An enzyme that joins together two strands of DNA, crucial for DNA repair and recombinant DNA techniques.
Gel electrophoresis A method used to sort DNA molecules based on size.
Gene cloning The process of making identical copies of a specific gene or DNA segment, often used to produce proteins or study gene function.
Gamete A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that carries half of the genetic information required to form a new organism.
Gene Therapy A medical technique that involves altering or replacing defective genes within a person's cells to treat or prevent diseases.
GM organism (Genetically Modified organism): An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to introduce desirable traits.
Genomic Libraries Cloned genes can be stored in this; Sets / collection of recombinant DNA containing all of an organism's genes / the genome.
Plasmid Small circles of DNA found in bacteria. Produces 50-100 copies of a recombinant plasmid in each cell.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Can quickly clone a small sample of DNA in a test tube.
Restriction enzyme An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences, (to break down DNA into fragments).
Restriction fragments Pieces of DNA generated by cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes.
Vector A DNA molecule (like a plasmid or virus) used to carry genetic material into a host cell
Telomere The repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration or fusion with other chromosomes.
Hybrid Vigor The enhanced traits or improved performance seen in the offspring compared to the parents.
Created by: Rawesome
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