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12th Set LC Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| rodomontade | Bluster and boasting, to boast (rodomontading or rodomontaded); from Rodomont, a brave, but braggart knight in Bojardo's Orlando Inamorato; King of Sarza or Algiers, son of Ulteus, and commander of both horse and foot n the Saracen Army. |
| roman à clef | A novel that represents historical events and characters under the guise of fiction. |
| Romantic Movement | A movement in response to the cold rationality of the Enlightenment that stressed poetic, religious, and visionary human experience; sought to combine the "reason" of the Enlightenment with a renewed "faith" in the poetic powers of the human being. |
| Romantic Period | The era from 1790-1850 characterized by art and literature that presented unrealistic situations and highly idealized subjects and characters; most of Cooper's stories or works by Walter Scott. |
| round character | A character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work. |
| rubaiyat | The plural of arabic word for quatrain. a collection for 14 line stanzas. |
| run-on line | The carrying over of sense and grammatical structure from one to line to the next. |
| saga | Any narrative or legend of heroic exploits. |
| sapphic | A stanzaic pattern deriving its name from the Greek poet Sappho, consists of three lines of 11 syllables each and a fourth of 5 syllables. |
| Satanic School | Used by Southey in Vision of Judgement to designate the group of Byron, Shelley, and Hunt whose irregular lives and radical ideas suggested the term. |
| satire | A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals. |
| Saturday Club | Mid-nineteenth century literary and scientific people who were based in Boston and Cambridge. They came together for social purposes. Major writers: Emerson, Prescott, Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier. |
| satyr play | Fourth and final play in bill of tragedies of greek drama. |
| scansion | The process of marking lines of poetry to show the type of feet and the number of feet they contain. |
| scat | A vocal style developed during the 1920's, with a singer improvising patterns of repetitive nonsense syllables that suggest the sound of a vocal instrument. |
| scene à faire | A scene in a play so thoroughly prepared for that the author is obliged to provide it. |
| scholium | A marginal note or explanatory comment made by a scholiast. |
| School of Night | Elizabethan dramatists, poets, and scholars with some nobility. It was lead by Sir Walter Ralegh. They studied natural sciences, philosophy, and religion and were suspected of being atheists. |
| scop | An Anglo-Saxon court poet who composed and recited his own poetry. |
| Scottish literature | Literary tradition in which Walter Scott, Robert Burns, and J.M. Barrie emerge. |
| Scriblerus Club | A club organized in London in 1714 by Jonathan Swift to satirize literary incompetence. It expressed its opinions of the false taste of the age, particularly of learning, through satiric fragment. |
| self-effacing narrator | When objectivity is used on the narrative point of view that the author ostensibly ceases to exist. |
| senryu | A short Japanese poem that is similar to a haiku in structure but treats human beings rather than nature, often in a humorous or satiric way. |
| Sentimentalism | The excessive expression of feelings of tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia in behavior, writing, or speech. |
| sentimentality | The effort to induce an emotional response disproportionate to the situation and thus to substitute heightened and generally unfeeling for normal ethical and intellectual judgment. |
| serenade | To sing and play music for someone. |
| Sestet | The second, six-lined division of an italian sonnet. |
| sestina | A poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern, and with all six words appearing in the closing three-line envoi. |
| Seven Cardinal Virtues | Faith, hope, love, prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. |
| sfumato | Italian for "smoky", a painting technique used to blend details to look more realistic. |
| Shakespearean sonnet | A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. |
| shaped verse | A poem so constructed that its printed form suggests its subject matter. |
| short couplet | An octasyllabic couplet; two rhyming lines of iambic or trochaic tetrameter. |
| short measure | A stanza widely used for hymns, consisting of four lines rhyming either abab or abcb. It usually has the first, second, and fourth lines in iambic trimeter ad the third in iambic tetrameter. |
| sigmatism | Marked use the sibilant sounds represented by s,z, sh, zh, ect (hissing sound). |
| Silver-Fork School | Group of 19th century English novelists who emphasized gentility and etiquette. Members included Frances Trollope, Theodore Hook, Lady Blessington, Lady Caroline Lamb, and Benjamin Disraeli. |
| simile | A comparison using like or as. |
| situational irony | Irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected. |
| slang | A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech. |
| slant rhyme | Rhyme in which the vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly the same (i.e. the words "stress" and "kiss"); sometimes called half-rhyme, near rhyme, or partial rhyme. |
| solecism | A violation of prescriptive grammatical rules. |
| soliloquy | A speech delivered while the speaker is alone, calculated to inform the audience of what is passing in the character's mind. |
| sonnet | 14 line poem. |
| Spasmodic School | Applied by W. E. Aytoun in 1854 to a group of contemporary English poets. They were influenced by Shelley and Byron. Their verse reflected discontent and unrest, and their style was marked by jerkiness and strained emphasis. |
| spenserian sonnet | A sonnet of the English type in that it has three quatrains and a couplet but features quatrains joined by the use of linking rhymes: abab bcbc cdcd ee. |
| spenserian stanza | A stanza with eight lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding Alexandrine with the rhyme pattern abab bcbc c. |
| spondaic | Stressed, stressed. |
| spoonerism | An accidental interchange of sounds, usually the initial ones, in two or more words. |
| sprung rhythm | A poetic rhythm designed to imitate the rhythm of natural speech; first syllable is stressed and may be followed by a variable number of unstressed syllables. |
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