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CMD quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy definition | structures of the body and their relationship with one another |
| Physiology definition | branch of biology- functions of organisms and bodily structures |
| 3 systems involved in speech production | 1. respiratory system- driving force for speech 2. laryngeal system- vibration and frequency 3. articulatory/resonatory system- acoustic filter |
| respiratory system primary biological functions | -supply oxygen, remove carbon dioxide -automatic process controlled by brainstem -inhaled air is potential energy for sound prod. -air is expelled in a controlled manner, then transferred to the vocal folds |
| structures of the respiratory system (pulmonary apparatus, thorax, lungs) | - pulmonary apparatus 3 (lungs, trachea, airways) -chest wall 4 (thorax) holds rib cage, abdominal wall and content, diaphragm -lungs |
| muscles of the respiratory system | -inspiratory muscles are above diaphragm (diaphragm, scalenes, external intercostals) -expiratory muscles are below diaphragm (internal intercostals) |
| tidal breathing | -breathing to sustain life -alveolar pressure must match atmospheric pressure to exhale |
| facts about the larynx/ it's structures | -primary structure of phonatory system, AKA voice box. -air valve composed of cartilages, muscles and tissue. -consists of thyroid, arytenoid and cricoid cartilages. -prevents foreign objects from entering trachea. -suspended from the hyoid bone . |
| facts about vocal folds -location 2 -color -inbetween? | -attached at front midline of thyroid cartilage -attached at back of arytenoid cartilages -ivory colored -GLOTTIS- space between the folds |
| lifespan of the laryngeal system | -larynx is higher in infants (able to breathe while nursing) -vocal folds become stiffer and less flexible with age -moves down in first year, reaches final position 10-20 yrs -hyoid bone ossifies age 2 |
| how the articulatory system works | extends from opening of mouth to vocal folds. -comprises the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavity (houses teeth, tongue, and velum) -tmj helps mandible in articulation with the temporal bone -consists of 22 bones making up facial skeleton and cranium |
| childhood language disorder definition (C4) | affects the use of language comprehension and production, spoken or written. -heterogenous group of developmental/acquired disorders -may involve form, content, and/or function of language |
| causes of childhood language disorders | -accident -injury -environmental factors |
| areas of deficit- childhood language disorders | -recognizing and copying letters -reading and drawing -pretending to read -ask questions during parental reading -one or more aspects of language (form, content, and use) |
| biggest risk factors for language disorder | -being male -hearing problems -low SES background -early poor communication skills -family history, genetic/environmental link -low IQ |
| DLD- definition and associated difficulties | difficulty talking and/or understanding language. Difficulty reading, writing, and communicating. -working memory -small vocabulary -executive functioning -use of single words -literacy -friendships (being ubable to quickly grasp what others are sa |
| causes and frequency of DLD | -tends to run in families -7.5% have no biomedical associated condition -occurs with ADHD and dyslexia -affects 2 kids in every classroom |
| Social communication disorder- definition and causes | -difficulty communicating with a variety of partners in various situations not only through language but through nonlinguistic means, such as facial expression and eye contact -2.6 times as prevalent in boys |
| characteristics of social communication disorder | -limits social participation, emotional understanding and expression, pragmatic skills -may prefer to be alone -leads to academic and vocational problems - |
| autism- characteristics | persistent problems in social communication + interaction. -difficulties in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, developing + maintining relationships w peers -restricted repetitive behaviors, interests or activities |
| Common language characteristics of children with language disorder | pragmatics: misunderstanding meaning in CONTEXT, short, not appropriate conversations, narrative difficulties, few interactions semantics: MEANING OF WORDS, limited, slow vocabulary growth, naming difficulties syntax/morphology: rule learning diffic |
| language development: birth-3 months 4-(alert, sound, sound, recognize) | -alerts to sounds -makes sounds back and forth with you -differs happy and sad sounds -recognizes loved ones faces and some common objects |
| language development: 4-6 months 3- (eyes follow, react, vocalize) | -follows objects with eyes -reacts to toys that make sounds -vocalizes vowel sounds -- sometimes with a consonant ( uuuuum, daaaa, aaaaagoo) |
| breathing for speech production | -diaphragm contraction is rapid and forceful -time spent inhaling is shorter than exhaling -both inspiratory and expiratory muscles are needed to prevent all air from rushing out |
| thyroid notch (larynx) | V- shaped depression at upper part of the larynx -thyroid prominence is the adam's apple |
| hyoid bone (larynx) | U- shaped, free-floating structure -attachment point for laryngeal and tongue musculature |
| thyroid cartilage (larynx) | -largest laryngeal cartilage -protects inner components of larynx |
| epiglottis (larynx) | leaf shaped cartilage -just below thyroid notch -main function prevents food from entering airways during swallowing |
| abduction | moving apart of vocal folds (vfs) during RESPIRATION -remove |
| adduction | moving together of vfs during PHONATION -add two vfs together=make sound |
| vocal fold size w age | newborn= 4-6mm 6 yr.= 8-9mm adult female=13mm adult male= 10mm |
| velum | soft palate |
| individuals with childhood language disorders | vary in terms of symptoms, manifestations, effects, and severity over time |
| comprehension for children with language disorder | reliance on context/non-linguistic cues to extract meaning. wh-question confusion |
| language development: 7-9 months 3- (look, recognize, sounds) | -looks when you call their name -recognizes NAMES of some ppl and objects -long strings of sounds ( mamamamama, upup, bababa) |
| language development:10-12 months 4- (copy, word, phrases, gestures) | -tries to copy sounds you make -says one or two words (mama, dada, hi, bye) -responds to simple phrases like (go bye-bye) and (look at mommy) -makes gestures engaging in social interactions (blowing kisses, playing peekaboo) |
| language development: 13-18 months 3- (yes/no, body, understand) | -shakes head "no" and nods "yes" -identifies one or more body parts -understands/USES words for common objects, some actions, and people |
| language development: 19-24 months 3- (words, 2>, daddy'S) | -uses/understands at least 50 words for food, toys, animals, and body parts (not always clear) -puts two or more words together (go outside, more water) -possessives (daddy'S sock) |
| language development: 2-3 years 4- (-s, -ing/-ed, ask, phonemes) | -uses plurals like (birds or toys) -uses -ing and -ed endings -asks why and how -produces p,b,m,h,w,d, and n in words |
| language development: 3-4 years 3- (compare, story, a/the) | -uses comparing words like (bigger or shorter) -tells you a story from a book or video -uses (a) or (the), like A book or THE dog |
| phonology | the rules of speech sounds |
| morphology | word structure |
| syntax | sentence structure |
| semantcs | word meaning |
| pragmatics | how language is used in social situations |
Created by:
liz gelles
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