Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Weeks 1-6
Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT | More than a century ago a great French physiologist, Claude Bernard (1813–1878), made a remarkable observation. He noted that body cells survived in a healthy condition only when the tem-perature, pressure, and chemical composition of their fluid environ- |
| ORGANIC MOLECULES | The term organic is used to describe the enormous number of compounds that contain carbon—specifically COC or COH bonds |
| CARBOHYDRATES | Carbohydrates provide the primary source of chemical energy needed by every body cell. In ad-dition, carbohydrates serve a structural role as components of such critically important mole-cules as RNA and DNA |
| Diffusion | The term diffusion refers to a natural phenomenon caused by the tendency of small particles to spread out evenly within any given space. |
| TRANSCRIPTION | Protein synthesis begins when a single strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid) forms along a segment of one strand of a DNA molecule. Fig-ure 7-3 summarizes how this process happens |
| RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) | To make a protein, the gene code in DNA is first copied to a mes-senger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecule, or transcript. Each mRNA transcript of a gene may then be translated by the cell and used to build one polypeptide chain |
| PRODUCTION OF CYTOPLASM | As a cell grows, it must produce additional cytoplasm and the plasma membrane necessary to contain it. One mechanism by which additional cytoplasm is produced is protein synthesis. |
| Elastin | elastic fibers are made of a protein called elastin, which returns to its original length after being stretched (Figure 8-5). Elastin is a rubbery substance that is held in a fibrous shape by long, thin microfilaments |
| Overview of Bone Tissue | Bone tissue, sometimes called osseous tissue, is perhaps the most dis-tinctive form of connective tissue in the body. It is typical of other connective tissues in that it consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular material, or matrix |
| CRANIAL BONES | The frontal bone forms the forehead and the anterior part of the calvaria or top of the cranium (see Figure 12-8, C). It contains mu-cosa-lined, air-filled spaces, or sinuses—the frontal sinuses. The frontal sinuses, with similar sinuses in the sphenoid, |
| LOWER EXTREMITY | Bones of the hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot constitute the lower ex-tremity or lower limb |
| Radiocarpal (Wrist) Joints | As the name in the heading implies, only the radius articulates di-rectly with the wrist or carpal bones distally. The point of articulation between the head of the radius and the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones forms a typical synovial joint—in this cas |
| MECHANISM OF CONTRACTION | To accomplish the powerful shortening, or contraction, of a muscle fiber, several processes must be coordinated in a stepwise fashion. These steps are summarized in the following sections and in Box 17-2. |
| Heat Production | because of the energy released is lost as heat. Because skeletal muscle tissues produce such a massive amount of heat—even when they are doing hardly any work—they have a great effect on body tempera-ture. Heat production or thermogenesis is an important |
Created by:
lenora reeves
Popular Physiology sets