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StudyStack 1
Physiology Weeks 1-6
| Since negative feedback loops oppose changes that are in the opposite direction of the initial disturbance, they are_____ | slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range |
| Define intrinsic control | Local control or auto-regulation. Operate at tissue or organ levels. (ex. when heart muscle is stretched, it automatically contracts) |
| What is a free radical? | It is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and highly reactive because of unpaired electrons |
| What are the subunits of nucleic acids? | Sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate bond |
| What is the function of prostaglandins? | They regulate the effects of several hormones, influence blood pressure and secretion of digestive juices, enhance immune system, inflammatory response and are involved in blood clotting and respiration |
| At what level of protein structure does the alpha helix occur? | Secondary level |
| What is the first stage of protein synthesis? | The first stage is transcription. In this stage, DNA present inside the nucleus "unzip" and allow RNA nucleotides to attach to complementary base pairs to form mRNA and is ready to be moved out of the nucleus and to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. |
| What is the second stage of protein synthesis? | The second stage is translation. In this stage, tRNA bring amino acid anticodons to pair with codons of mRNA in ribosome. These new amino acids bonds form peptide bonds. |
| What state of protein synthesis lies between transcription and translation? And what occur? | The transcript is edited by spliceosomes which attach to mRNA transcript and remove introns and splice exons. |
| What is the post translation process? | The post translation process occurs after translation and involves chaperone proteins, enzymes in the ER and the Golgi apparatus to assist in the folding and linking of new proteins |
| Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? A) Glucosamine, B) Collagen, C) Hyaluronic Acid or D) All of the above are proteoglycans | B) Collagen |
| Why is cartilage slow to heal? | Cartilage is slow to heal because its semi-solid and flexible, and because it has no or limited blood supply |
| Brief description of the axial skeleton | Provides framework for muscles that anchor and stabilise the appendicular bones |
| Define extensibility | The ability of muscles to extend, stretch and return to their resting length after having contracted |
| What are the different types of muscles fibres? | Slow fibers (red fibers), fast fibers (white fibers) and intermediate fibers. |
| The number of muscle fibers depends on how many motor units are____ | recruited |
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