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Kandance Ribera
Physiology Study Stack 1 Midterm Weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of these answers are considered a "Biomolecule"? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Nucleic Acids E. All of the Above | E. All of the above, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids are all examples of Biomolecules |
| In a DNA molecule, _______ is paired with Adenine and in a RNA molecule _______ is also paired with Adenine? A. Thymine, Uracil B. Cytosine, Thymine C. Uracil, Thymine D. Thymine, Cytosine | A. Thymine always pairs with Adenine in a DNA molecule. Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. In a RNA molecule, the base pairs are the same except Adenine always pairs with Uracil. |
| How are Amino Acids joined together? | Amino Acids are joined together by a chemical bond called a peptide bonds. This bond is formed between the carboxyl multiple amino acid groups linking them together to create a protein chain. |
| Which of these answers make up RNA? A. Nucleotides B. Nitrogenous Bases C. Phosphate Groups D. All of the above | D. All of the above, RNA is made up of Nucleotides which are comprised of ribose sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous gases specifically Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil. |
| What is the main difference between a negative and a positive feedback loop? | A negative feedback loop reduces the overall initial change and brings the alerted system back to a set point. Whereas a positive feedback loop enhances or amplifies the initial change causing an extreme outcome. |
| What is diffusion within a cell? Is energy used in this process? | Diffusion within a cell is defined when the movement of particles is moving from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration and it moves down the gradient. Diffusion occurs naturally and energy is not used during this process. |
| What is the definition of Osmosis? | Osmosis is the process by which water molecules pass through a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution. The goal is to equalize and stabilize the solution on both sides of the membrane. |
| What are the main differences of RNA and DNA? | DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded. DNA contains Deoxyribose, while RNA contains Ribose. Base Pairs are the same except for Adenine in RNA pairs with Uracil. DNA stores genetic information, while RNA tranlsates genetic information. |
| During which phase of Mitosis does the chromosomes align along the center of the cell? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Telophase D. Anaphase | B. During Metaphase the chromosomes align along the center of the cell. This stage is crucial before the next stage of anaphase when they are separated. |
| How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell? A. 23 B. 46 C. 12 D. 22 | A. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes in each cell which are organized into 23 pairs. |
| How many cells are produced during Meiosis? | During Meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced. Whereas during Mitosis only two daughter cells are produced. |
| What is the correct chronological order for the phases of Mitosis? A. Anaphase, Telophase, Metaphase, Prophase B. Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase. C. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. D. Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase. | C. The correct phases are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. |
| Which muscles produce goose bumps upon contraction? | The Arrector Pili Muscles are tiny muscles that attach to hair follicles on the skin. When they contract they pull the hair upright. |
| Where can Apocrine glands NOT be found in the body? A. Soles of the feet B, Armpits C. Areole of the breasts D. Pigmented skin areas around the anus. | A. Soles in the feet. They are located in all other areas mentioned. |
| Keratinocytes are primarily found in the __________ of the skin, while Melanocytes are found in the ___________. A. Epidermis, Basal Layer B. Stratum Granulosom, Epidermis C. Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Spinosum D Stratum Basale, Stratum Germiatium | A. Keratinocytes are primarily found in the epidermis, they originate in the deepest layer of the skin known as the stratum Basale. Melanocytes are also found in the epidermis in the stratum Basale. |