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Module 1

1.1.1 Foundational Concepts

QuestionAnswer
Operating System Concepts An operating system (OS) is software that manages comp hardware and software resources provides common services for computer programs. acts as an intermediary between hardware and the user.
Hardware Abstraction The operating system abstracts hardware complexities, providing a uniform interface for applications and users. This abstraction allows software to interact with the hardware without needing detailed knowledge of the underlying components.
System Calls:Hardware Abstraction The interface between OS and user programs. Application Programming Interfaces: These are sets of routines and protocols for building software and applications
Bootstrapping: Hardware Abstraction The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system.
System Calls:Hardware Abstraction The interface between OS and user programs.
Process Management The OS manages processes, which are instances of executing programs. It allocates resources, schedules tasks, and ensures the proper execution of processes, enabling multitasking and efficient use of system resources.
Processes: Processes: A process is a program in execution, which includes the program code, its current activity, and the resources assigned to it.
Threads: Threads: Threads are the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler.
Scheduling: Scheduling: The OS schedules processes and threads for execution on the CPU.
Synchronization: Synchronization: Mechanisms to control the access of multiple processes to shared resources.
Multitasking: Multitasking: Running multiple processes simultaneously.
Process Isolation Process Isolation: Process Isolation ensures that processes operate in separate memory spaces to prevent one process from interfering with another.
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