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SCI221-08 Human Phys

Week 7: Assignment - StudyStack Set 1

Answer
What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment, despite changes in external conditions.
What are the main components of the homeostatic system? The main components include sensors (receptors), a control center (often the brain), and effectors (muscles or glands)
How does negative feedback work in homeostasis? Negative feedback reduces the output or activity of a system to bring it back to a set point, maintaining balance (e.g., temperature regulation).
What does DNA stand for? DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What is the primary function of DNA? The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information necessary for growth, development, and functioning of living organisms.
How are the two strands of DNA held together? The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.
What are the building blocks of DNA The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What are the main components of the cell membrane? The main components of the cell membrane are phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane? Cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity, stabilizing the membrane by preventing it from becoming too rigid or too fluid.
What are membrane proteins responsible for in the cell membrane? Membrane proteins are responsible for transporting substances, cell signaling, structural support, and cell recognition.
What are the three main layers of the skin? The three main layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous layer).
What is the function of the dermis layer? The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands, and it provides the skin with strength, elasticity, and sensation.
What is the primary function of the epidermis? The epidermis acts as a protective barrier against pathogens, UV radiation, and water loss.
What is the role of the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)? The hypodermis helps with insulation, energy storage, and cushioning the body from external shock.
What are the two main types of bone tissue? The two main types of bone tissue are compact bone (dense, outer layer) and spongy bone (light, inner layer).
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone development? Osteoblasts are cells that produce new bone matrix and are involved in bone formation.
What are the components of the axial skeleton? The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and it protects the central nervous system and supports the body’s weight.
What is the primary function of long bones like the femur and humerus? The primary function of long bones is to support weight and provide leverage for movement.
What are myosin and actin? Myosin and actin are protein filaments that play key roles in muscle contraction. Myosin is a thick filament, and actin is a thin filament.
What is the role of myosin in muscle contraction? Myosin has motor protein activity, forming cross-bridges with actin filaments to create the sliding filament mechanism, which shortens muscle fibers during contraction.
How is actin structured in muscle fibers? Actin is composed of globular actin (G-actin) subunits that polymerize to form filamentous actin (F-actin), which creates the thin filaments of muscle fibers.
Created by: mikeeyxo
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