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Angelyn Hipol
Physiology Week 1-6
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? | transmitter |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? | tapeworms |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | reproductive |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | oppose a change |
| Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | prion |
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | positive |
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | degree of saturation |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | steroids |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | peptide bonds |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | creatine phosphate |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free readical |
| Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”? | prostaglandin |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | secondary |
| Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. | glycogen |
| Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called: | essential amino acids |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | maltose |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | fatty acids and glycerol |
| A sequence of three bases forms a(n): | codon |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor? | neoplasm |
| Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be: | an even exchange of material across the membrane |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion |
| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: | active transport |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | prophase |
| Diffusion requires: | concentration gradient |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA |
| An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as a: | genome |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| The small water channels in the cell membrane are called: | aquaphorins |
| A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of: | carrier-mediated transport |
| The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: | filtration |
| Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium? | secretion |
| Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate? | epithelial |
| Connective tissue forms from stem cell tissue called: | mesenchyme |
| Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals? | connective |
| Areolar tissue usually contains which types of cells in the greatest number? | fibroblasts |
| Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? | brown fat |
| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | basale |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | astrocytes |
| The ulna articulates proximally with the: | humerus |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the | scapula |
| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? | parathyroid and calcitonin |
| The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: | in diaphysis |
| In bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the: | osteoblasts |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones |
| Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. | epiphyseal plate |
| The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: | ER and golgi apparatus |
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? | protection |
| The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimuli is called: | irritability |
| Which joint allows for the widest range of movement? | ball and socket |
| Kicking a football is accomplished by knee: | extension |
| Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis? | single-unit smooth |
| Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: | abduction |
| Which type of joint joins the two pubic bones together? | symphysis |
| The type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back is: | circumduction |
| The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the | sacomere |
| Thick myofilaments extend the length of the: | A-band |
| A gliding joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | multiaxial |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as: | calcium ions are attached to the troponin |
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