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ITE 221 Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
Mechanical Computing Taking advantage of the math that makes these devices. This can be difficult and complex. High maintenance and not effective on speed.
Electronic Computing Uses resistors, capacitors, and switches with the support of math that makes these devices. Cheaper and simpler to design. Uses modern microprocessors that have a lot of parts. Moves at the speed of light.
Optical Computing Moves quickly and interacts with like-minded devices in mathematically describable ways. It is in the process of only using electricity. Useful for data storage and cabling.
Data Representation The concept that a machine part can represent data values
Quantum Computing The concept that quantum particles can exist in multiple states at the same time in computers. Very expensive and software designers do not know how to use.
General-purpose processor Reads its program instructions from a storage device that can be altered at any time.
Special-purpose processor Uses a single program that is wired into the processor. Read only and can’t be altered.
Formula Complex mathematical relationship that can be solved in a specific way
CPU General-purpose processor that executes instructions. Known as the computer’s “brain”.
Arithmetic-logic unit Performs computation and logic instructions
Registers Internal storage locations – each holds one data item
Control unit Moves data among registers and other computer system storage locations. It accesses the program instructions and will either execute them or asks the ALU to execute them.
Primary storage Known as main memory. It does tasks such as holding programs currently being executed or implementing storage with RAM.
Secondary storage Cheaper and slower than other forms of storage. The storage is non-volatile (stays after shutdown).
System bus The communication channel that connects all devices in the computer system.
Midrange Computer Many users can use this at once which can be useful if many users are sharing a resource or using virtual computing.
Mainframe computer Has dozens of CPUs with memory to match. Very powerful and expensive.
Supercomputer Perform as many calculations as possible in as short a time as possible.
Server A computer system that includes a mode of use that manages one or more shared resources and makes those available to other users
Cluster Many computers that are similar and connected by a high-speed network in a dedicated configuration
Blade Server A cluster housed within one cabinet. The blade part represents circuit boards that contain most of a computer system.
Grid Tends to use “ordinary” network connections not dedicated to this since computers may be widely dispersed
Cloud Extension of the grid concept. Users interact with a front-end system which in turn musters/brings together whatever grid resources are needed.
The Role of Software Translating the user requests into machine actions.
Application software Satisfies a specific user need or a specific (narrowly defined) class of needs. Examples include a word processing program and a payroll program.
System software Very general class of user needs. Manages or controls hardware resources.
Machine/hardware independence Application software doesn’t directly interact with computer hardware so it can easily be moved.
Web-based application Uses a Web browser as the primary user interface
Web service A software component accessed over the Internet using Web protocols.
Embedded Software Tools or software that comes with the computer
Operating system A collection of utility programs that supports users and the hardware that the computer is running on.
Computer network A collection of hardware and software components that users can share with each other.
Internet A globally interconnected network of networks that uses standard Internet protocols
World Wide Web An interconnected set of resources (e.g., files, web sites, social media sites, and application software) accessed via the Internet
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Uses 3 pieces of information which include the protocol header, server name/address, and resource name.
Created by: jamweslay
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