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CS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First generation computer | Vacuum Tubes |
| Second generation computer | replaced vacuum tubes with transistors |
| 1960s computer | integrated circuits |
| 1971 computer | microprocessor |
| 1970s and 1980s computer | the personal computer (pc) gained popularity |
| IoT | Processors are embedded in many products (smart devices), which communicate via the Internet or wireless networks |
| Embedded Computers | Have a specific purpose: Small and have limited hardware but enhance the capabilities of everyday devices |
| Computer | is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data to produce information, and store the information for future use. |
| Virtual Reality (VR) | The use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space. |
| Augmented Reality (AR) | A type of VR that uses an image of an actual place or things that adds digital information to it. |
| Natural language processing | computers interpret and digitize spoken works and commands (digital assistants, for example) |
| Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) | streamlines production and allows for shipping products more quickly |
| machine-to-machine | M2M (Monitor assembly lines and equipment |
| Learning Management System (LMS) | web-based training, allows students to Check progress on a course o Take practice tests o Exchange messages with instructors or other students o Take classes and earn degrees online |
| CPU | Computer Processing Unit |
| CPU (meaning) | A complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts and is primarily responsible for converting input (data) into meaningful output (information) |
| Bus | Something data travels in and out through |
| Machine Cycle | consists of a CPU and ALU integrated in a bus |
| Computer Memory | Responsible for holding data and programs as they are being processed by the CPU |
| RAM (Random Access Memory) | Virtual memory o Swap file/paging file Replaces uneccessary files |
| ROM (Read Only Memory) | Updates/Firmware POST, BIOS |
| POST | Power on self test |
| BIOS | BIOS is a type of firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process |
| Input device | communicates instructions and commands to a computer ex. mouse, keyboard |
| Output device | conveys information from the computer to the user headphones, printers, |
| Power/video cable | The power/video cables and the video card are directly responsible for the monitor. |
| Bus width | faster data can travel |
| DRAM | Memory needs to be constantly recharged or contents will be erased (V) |
| SRAM | Memory can be recharged less frequently than DRAM, but can be more expensive than DRAM (V) |
| MRAM | Memory uses magnetic charges to store contents, and can retain its contents in the absence of power (NV) |
| Flash memory | Fast type of memory that typically is less expensive than some other types of RAM, and can retain its contents in the absence of power (NV) |
| Storage Devices | Designed to store data for extended periods of time The type and amount of data helps to determine the most appropriate storage device to use (ex. external and internal hard drive, memory cards, and USB flash drive |
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication |
| Magnetic hard disk drives (H D D s) | (HDD) is a data storage device that uses magnetism to store and retrieve digital information. It consists of one or more rigid magnetic platters coated with a magnetic material, positioned on a spindle that rotates at high speeds |
| Solid State Drive (S D D) | A solid-state drive is a type of solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuits to store data persistently |
| External hard drives | USB Flash drive | Optical media |
| Internal hard drives | HDDS & SDD |
| Optical media | Disc |
| Desktop Computer | Typically consists of a system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse More powerful, more storage Hardware components can be easily upgraded |
| All in one computer | Monitor and system unit are housed together Take up less space and easier to transport Typically more difficult to service or upgrade More expensive than desktops |
| Mobile Device | Portable or handheld computing device; tablet. Less powerful (than Desktop and all in one), not upgradeable |
| Computer performance | Processor clock speed Bus width/word size Benchmark |
| Uninterruptable power supply (U P S) | Electrical device that uses batteries to prevent a power flow interruption |
| Surge processor | A surge protector is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current circuits from voltage spikes with very short duration measured in microseconds. |
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