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Exercise Phys Quiz1
Covering chapters 2 and 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | maintenance of a consistent internal environment under normal resting conditions. |
| Steady State | a steady and unchanging level of some physiological variable (under stress or abnormal/non-resting environment) |
| Transcription | inside the nucleus DNA splits enzymatically via RNA polymerase and messenger or mRNA is formed |
| Translation | mRNA leaves the nucleus and in cytoplasm, passes through ribosome for protein synthesis. |
| How are Amino Acids in the the cytoplasm transported? | tRNA |
| Where does mRNA go to for translation? | Ribosome |
| What does translation do? | Turns Amino Acids into proteins? |
| How is the order of amino acids to form proteins determined? | codons |
| Exergonic Reactions | reactions that release energy |
| Endergonic Reactions | reactions that add energy or energy is required for the reaction to proceed |
| Coupled reactions | energy released for an exergonic reaction drives the endergonic reaction |
| Enzymes | proteins that regulate the rate or speed of metabolic reactions. |
| What is the function of enzymes? | Work as a catalyst to lower the required energy activation |
| Oxidation | loosing electron(s) (or electron with H+) |
| Reduction | Gaining electron(s) (or electron with H+) |
| What is an important shuttle system in the electron transport chain? | NAD to NADH + H |
| How many Kcal of energy is in 1 gram of Carbohydrates? | 4 Kcals |
| What is the role of carbs in the body | rapid energy |
| Glucose | blood sugar |
| disaccarides | combining of 2 monosaccharides |
| polysaccharides | combining of 3 or more monosaccharides |
| name some monosaccharides | fructose and glucose |
| name some disaccharides | sucrose and maltose |
| Glycogen | polysaccharides stored in animal tissue |
| where is glycogen made? | muscle tissue |
| what is glycogen made of? | glucose molocules |
| fats | much greater ratio of carbon to oxygen compared to carbohydrates |
| How many Kcal of energy is in 1 gram of fats? | 9 Kcals |
| what is the use for fats? | energy for prolonged low intensity exercise |
| Name the four categories of fats | Fatty acids, tryglycrides, phospholipids, and steriods |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | usable form of energy derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
| When ATP oxidated into ADP and a phosphate what is released? | energy for muscle contractions |
| What do anaerobic systems yield? | substrate level phosphorylation |
| Name the two anaerobic systems | Phosphocreatine and glycolysis |
| What is the most immediate form of anaerobic energy? | Phosphocreatine |
| Where is phosphocreatine stored? | Muscles |
| which enzyme is utilized to break down phosphocreatine? | Creatine Kinase |
| what is the 2nd fastest anaerobic system? | Glycolysis |
| What is glycolysis? | breaking a 6 carbon glucose into 3 carbon pyruvate |
| what is ATP use and yield in glycolysis? | Use:2, Yield:4, Net:2 |
Created by:
BradynBlack
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