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Complete set of genetic information
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Microbiology 7

Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Complete set of genetic information Genome
Transcription copying info on DNA to RNA
has a 5 prime end and a 3 prime end single strand of DNA
Describe the 2 strands of DNA In a double helix and are anti-paralell
Denaturing The seperating of a double strand of DNA
Transcribed from one of the 2 strands of DNA A single strand of RNA
3 Functional groups of RNA messenger (mRNA), ribosonal (rRNA), transfer (tRNA)
When double-stranded DNA is duplicated before cell division so that its info passed on to next generation DNA replication
When info in DNA is deciphered expressed
Two processes in gene expression transcription & translation
Serves as a temporary form of genetic information and is what is actually deciphered RNA
Central dogma of molecular biology theflow of info from DNA (transcription) to RNA to protien
composed of neucleotides single strand DNA
The covalent bond that joins DNA 5 phosphates (5 prime) & 3 OH (3 Prime)
sugar-phosphate backbone alternating sugar / phosphate joined by A, T, G, C
Occurs as a double-stranded helix structure DNA
The characteristic bonding of A to T and G to C Base pairing
Rules of base pairing One strand can always be used as a templatefor synthesis of complementary, opposing strand
Transcript fragment of DNA synthesized by using a region of DNA strand
RNA differs from DNA in these ways: 1) has riboneucleotides, not deoxyneucleotides 2) contains uracil instead of thymine 3) RNA single stranded and shorter
Are 2 complementary strands of RNA usually generated? NO
Hydrogen bonding of base pairs 3 between G & C, 2 between A & T
mRNA Regulation of its synthesis leads to control of protien synthesis - short lived
Replication of DNA Semiconservative: each of 2 molecules contains 1 old strand & 1 new - Bidirectional, as replication goes in both directions in a "bubble" shape
DNA polymerase enzymes that synthesize DNA, using one strand as a template to generate complementary strand
These enzymes can ONLY add neucleotides onto preexisting fragment of neucleic acid DNA Polymerase - then fragments serve as primer
Always enlongates chain in 5' 3' direction DNA polermerase
DNA gyrase breaks strands of DNA which server to temporarily ease tension - the target of antibacterical meds
DNA Lygase joins 2 DNA fragments by forming covalent bond
Helicases unwind helix ahead of replication fork
Okaki Fragment neucleic acid fragment generated during discontinuos replication of lagging strand of DNA
Primase Synthesizes small fragments of RNA to serve as primers for DNA
250 Neuclotides needed for DNA replication
Codon 3 neucletides that code for specific amino acid
Promoter neucleotide sequence to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription
Ribosome facilitates joining of amino acids durring translation
DNA synthesized from what direction? 5' 3'
DNA read from 3' 5'
Where active replication occurs replication fork
Causes RNA polymerase to fall off DNA template and release newly synthesized RNA Transcription terminator
how is info on mRNA read? genetic code
Begins when ribosome binds to the ribosome binding site on mRNA, even if it is still being synthesized Iniation of translation
Removes introns from eukaryotic precursor RNA to generate mRNA Splicing
Function as the site of translation Ribosomes - 70s & 30s subunit
Segments of RNA that act as keys that interpret genetic code tRNA
Anticodon sequence of 3 neucleotides - allows tRNA to bind w/ appropriate codon
Facilitates the joining of amino acids during translation - made of protien Ribosomes
The target of antibacterial drugs Ribosomes
Type of RNA present in ribosomes rRNA
The first AUG after a binding site Start codon
mRNA is processed, with a cap and poly A tail attached Eukaryotic
contain inrons which are removed by splicing Eukaryotic
The mRNA MUST be transported out of the nucleus before it can be translated in cytoplasm Eukaryotic
mRNA is NOT processed Prokaryotes
mRNA does NOT contain introns Prokaryotes
Translation in mRNA begins as it is being transcribed Prokaryotes
mRNA Polycistronic: it begins at the first AUG that follows a ribosome binding site Prokaryotes
Employs a repressor that prevents transcrption of genes when lactose NOT available lac operon
Catabolite repression prevents transcription of lac operon when GLUCOSE is available
Could two m-RNA’s have different nucleotide sequences and yet code for the same protein? Yes. Each amino acid has several different triplet codes. Different triplet codes might be used to code for the same amino acids in two separate m-RNA’s.
Would a deletion of two base pairs have a greater consequence if it occurred in an intron or in an exon? Since an intron is only a spacing sequence that does not code for any amino acid sequence, a deletion would not be expected to cause any changes.
Sigma factors bind to promoters
one gene encodes: One protien
DNA is composed of 4 different units
A cell's genome is composed of DNA
held together by hydrogen bond DNA strands
adds a nucleotide to the 5' end DNA Polymerase
occurs in mitochondria of eucaryotes and polymerize or cut RNA Ribozymes
uses DNA for a template RNA Polymerase
Expresses only a SINGLE protien eukaryotic mRNA
Created by: sloanie32
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