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Cardio thoracic
St430 predictor test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medtronic OCTOPUS® and Guidant Ultima OPCAB® are what type of devices for coronary artery bypass done off-pump? | stabilizers |
| Which structure within the respiratory tract is the proximal and superior? | larynx |
| In which procedure would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope? | bronchoscopy |
| Following lung transplantation, the surgeon will perform which procedure to aspirate secretions and check for leaks? | bronchoscopy |
| Thymomas, neurogenic tumors, and pleuropericardial cysts can be biopsied during which procedure? | mediastinoscopy |
| The force and rate of contraction of the heart is controlled by which part of the central nervous system (CNS)? | medulla oblongata |
| What is frequently used to repair atrial and ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients? | Dacron patch |
| Which instrument is a lung-grasping forceps that resembles a very large Pennington? | Lovelace |
| With what is the median sternotomy closed? | heavy gauge stainless steel wire |
| Commissurotomy is a surgical separation of the flaps of the: | mitral valve |
| The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are portions of the: | sternum |
| Which structure is considered the "pacemaker" of the heart? | SA node |
| What is the name of an air-filled sac that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue? | bleb |
| Lung tissue has what kind of consistency? | friable |
| Which congenital defect has four components and is characterized by cyanosis causing appearance of "blue babies"? | tetralogy of Fallot |
| Which of the following will be required upon completion of any procedure in which the pleural cavity has been opened? | chest tube attached to a Pleur-evac system |
| In which part of the respiratory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place? | Alveoli |
| Which of the following regarding blood flow is correct? | right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium |
| Which of the following is a crushing clamp with sharp spikes in the jaw used on the bronchus? | Sarot |
| Which suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae? | purse-string |
| Which surgical approach is used for repair of coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus? | posterolateral |
| Which statement regarding the anatomical placement of the heart is CORRECT? | It is positioned in the mediastinum with approximately 2/3 of the heart on the left side |
| What is the name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death? | myocardial infarction |
| Where is the apex of the heart located within the mediastinum? | inferiorly on the left side |
| How many ribs are considered "true" ribs with direct connection to the sternum with costal cartilage? | seven |
| How many lobes are there in the right lung? | three |
| How many pulmonary veins are there? | four |
| Which type of incision is made for a pneumonectomy? | posterolateral |
| The drainage and collection device attached to chest tubes relies on a water seal to reestablish negative pressure in the pleural cavity | True |
| What is the average lifespan of biologic and mechanical heart valve replacements? | 10 to 15 years |
| Which suture is frequently used for anastomosis of the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery in CABG? | 6-0 or 7-0 polypropylene |
| The apex of the lung is located: | superiorly and just above the clavicle |
| Which singular congenital defect involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta? | patent ductus arteriosus |
| The ventricles of the heart have thicker myocardium than the atria. | True |
| All of the following structures are found within the mediastinum EXCEPT: | diaphragm |
| What is the medical term for coughing up blood? | hemoptysis |
| Aortic valve stenosis and aortic regurgitation are often as a result of : | rheumatic fever |
| Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery? | right ventricle |
| Where is the insertion point for the mediastinoscope? | suprasternal notch |
| What is the name of the procedure performed to release constriction of the lungs by fibrin layers? | lung decortication |
| Which diagnostic method provides the MOST extensive details regarding valvular disorders? | cardiac catheterization |
| Which of the following are the final branchings of the respiratory tree? | alveoli |
| Which additional pain control measure is taken for patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair by VATS? | epidural |
| Which of the following thoracic procedures would require the patient to be put on cardiopulmonary bypass? | pulmonary thromboendarterectomy |
| Which artery accounts for approximately 50% of occlusive coronary lesions? | left anterior descending |
| Which nerve could be damaged during lung decortication resulting in paralysis or partial paralysis of the diaphragm? | phrenic |
| The coronary arteries originate from the: | ascending aorta |
| Which of the following is the main underlying pathogenic cause of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical manifestations? | ischemia |
| Lung reduction surgery is performed for patients with emphysema | True |
| Which instrument is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the Satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed? | aortic punch |
| What is the general term for incurable diseases of the heart for which the only treatment would be heart transplantation? | cardiomyopathies |
| The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the: | hilum |
| Where is a Swan-Ganz catheter placed? | pulmonary artery |
| Which of the following is a commonly used method of preserving the heart by reducing its metabolic needs? | hypothermia |
| The saphenous vein used for coronary artery grafting must be reversed before anastomosis due to the presence of valves in the vein. | True |
| A heart murmur is often heard with auscultation and indicative of involvement of which structure? | mitral valve |
| For which of the following procedures would the rigid bronchoscope be preferred? | removal of foreign body in children |
| Prior to the closure of a lobectomy procedure, the anesthesia provider performs a Valsalva maneuver to check for | air leakage from bronchial closure |
| What is the term for a localized stricture of the aorta found in a pediatric patient? | coarctation |
| What is the first step in the formation of an atheroma? | injury to endothelial lining |
| What is a commonly used rib self-retaining retractor available in adult and pediatric sizes? | Finochietto |
| Which membrane covers the surface of the lungs? | visceral pleura |
| All of the following are components of the "heart-lung" machine EXCEPT: | defibrillator |
| Which instrument has the appearance of a misshapen pancake spatula? | Davidson scapula retractor |
| Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the ascending aorta? | left ventricle |
| Which device is used for patients awaiting heart transplant that allows them to be ambulatory and has both internal and external components to the system? | ventricular assist device |
| Which instrument is a rib shear? | Bethune |
| Video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures use carbon dioxide for distention. | False |
| What is the medical term for visible changes in density on chest x-ray that indicates pulmonary pathology? | infiltrate |
| What is the term for a collapsed lung? | atelectasis |
| Which one of the following is NOT one of the cardiac valves? | septal |
| Which heart valve is also known as the bicuspid valve? | mitral |
| What is the name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass | intra-aortic balloon pump |
| In the event that a VATS procedure had to be converted to an open procedure, which open case would be performed? | thoracotomy |
| What is the name of the area between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains serous fluid to prevent friction? | pleural space |
| Which diagnostic study is MOST useful for verification of thoracic aortic dissection? | CT scan |
| Where are the cannulae MOST commonly placed for cardiopulmonary bypass procedures? | right atrium and ascending aorta |
| What is the thickest part of the heart? | myocardium |
| The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is: | empyema |
Created by:
editsuchan
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