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functions of heart
st430 predictor test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a signal is generated by the SA node and is regularly discharged to the rest of the conduction system. Which of the following best describes this activity? | automatically and rhythmicity |
| what is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat? | cardiac cycle |
| which of the following is the same as end-diastolic volume? | preload |
| decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries is most likely to cause | angina pectoris |
| vagal stimulation on the heart | slows the heart rate |
| jugular vein distention is most associated with | right-sided heart failure |
| which of the following elicits the same effect as vagomimetic activity? | use of a muscarinic agonist |
| which of the following describes Starling's law of the heart? | all are correct |
| with which term is afterload most associated? | resistance |
| which of the following is not the result of the firing of the sympathetic nerves on the heart? | vagally induced bradycardia |
| which of the following does not happen to a ventricle? | discharge of the vagal nerve |
| a patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta1- adrenergic agonist. The drug: | activates the beta1-adrenerigc receptors and causes a (+) intropic effect |
| an ejection fraction of 30% is: | characteristic of a failing heart |
| an increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output. this is accomplished by: | Starling's law of the heart |
| activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine: | slows heart rate |
| what is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart? | Starling's law of the heart |
| A drug (e.g., atropine) that blocks the effects of the vagus nerve: | increases the heart rate. |
| a negative inotropic effect is most often associated with | an undesirable side effect of of a drug |
| systole and diastole describe the function of the | myocardium |
| which of the following is happening during atrial systole? | both the ventricles are relaxed and the atria pump blood into ventricles |
| Cardiac output is determined by the heart rate and: | stoke volume |
| which of the following refers to a positive intropic effect? | an increased myocardial contractile force |
| mililiters/beat x beats/min defines: | cardiac output |
| ventricular systole refers to: | contraction of the ventricular myocardium |
| increased afterload (e.g., hypertension) | increases the work of the heart |
| atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to | relieve bradycardia |
| heart rate and stroke volume determine | cardiac output |
| which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve? | parasympathetic. |
| which of the following is approximately 70mL? | an average stroke volume |
| digoxin exerts a (-) chronotropic effect and (+) inotropic effect. which of the following describes these effects? | decreases heart rate and strengthens myocardial contraction |
| Starling's law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with: | preload |
| which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume? | A (+) inotropic drug |
| which of the following is an example of forward failure? | diminished renal blood flow stimulates the kidney decrease urinary output and retain Na+ and water |
| which of the following most accurately describes the vagus nerve? | parasympathetic. |
| which of the following defines cardiac output? | heart stroke x stroke volume |
| atropine is anticholinergic and antimuscarinic and therefore | is used to treat bradydysrhythmias such as heart block and prolonged P-R interval |
| which of the following drugs is sympathomimetric? | beta1-adrenergic agonist |
| furosemid (lasix), a potent diuretic, is administered in acute ventricular failure to: | excrete excess water and relieve the edema |
| which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of ventricular failure and pulmonary edema? | peripheral vasoconstrictor such as norepinephrine, (levophed) |
| during atrial systole, the: | ventricles are relaxed |
| sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium | causes a (+) inotropic effect |
| atropine, a muscarinic blocker, | increases heart rate |
| which of the following is least related to a bradycardia? | greater than 60 beats/min |
| which of the following is responsible for the Starling effect? | end-diastolic volume (EDV) or preload |
| under what condition is end-diastolic volume (EDV) most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases? | heart failure |
| digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and is therefore called a: | (+) inotropic agent |
| a stenotic aortic valve: | increases afterload, thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle |
| which of the following is most apt to induce an autonomically induced bradycardia? | activation of the muscarinic receptors |
| which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid heart rate? | decreased ventricular filing (with blood) |
| the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the: | all are correct |
| what term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat? | stroke volume |
| which of the following structures receives unoxygenated blood? | pulmonary artery |
| which of the following is most related to "lubb" ( of the lubb-dupp duo)? | all are correct |
| what structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins? | left anterior descending artery |
| a hole in the invterventricular septum causes: | blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle |
| describe the valvular response to the relaxation of the right ventricle | the tricuspid valve opens |
| which slinglike structure supports the heart? | pericardium |
| which of the following best describes the heart as a double pump? | right and left |
| a vessel(s) that carry(ies) blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is (are) the: | pulmonary veins |
| heart rate is slowest if the pacemaker activity signal originates in the | ventricular pacemaker cells |
| the pulmonic and aortic valves | are semilunar valves |
| the pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the: | right atrium |
| which of the following best describes a pacemaker cell? | spontaneous depolarization. |
| which of the following spaces is not related to the heart? | dorsal cavity |
| what is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts? | tricuspid |
| which of the following is an electrical event? | depolarization |
| which structure is not perfused by blood that flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the aorta? | right atrium |
| what is the cause of ventricular hypertrophy? | the ventricle is working too hard |
| in normal sinus rhythm (NSR), the: | cardiac impulse originates in the sinoatrial node |
| referring to the ECG, the P wave represents: | atrial depolarization |
| which of the following is least descriptive of the myocardium? | thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle |
| which of the following is true of the aorta? | it arises within the left ventricle |
| chordae tendineae are not associated with this valve | aortic |
| which group is incorrect? | parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata. |
| which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle? | coronary arteries |
| which of the following must precede ventricular contraction? | ventricular depolarization |
| the atrioventricular node (AV node): | delays the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles |
| which layer of the heart also lines the valves and is continuous with blood vessels? | endocardium |
| which of the following is true of the myocardium? | all are correct |
| which of the following is responsible for the opening and closing of the heart valves? | pressure exerted on the valves as the heart contracts and relaxes |
| which of the following is least related to the mitral valve? | semilunar |
| during ventricular filling, the: | ventricles are relaxed |
| which of the following best indicates why the left ventricular myocardium is thicker than the right ventricular myocardium? | the left ventricle works harder than the right ventricle. |
| what are the conducting fibers that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles? | purkinje fibers |
| the aorta receives blood from the: | left ventricle |
| the intent is to measure pulmonary wedge pressure, a procedure that requires the advancement of a catheter up to the pulmonary capillaries. the catheter is inserted into the left subclavian vein. identify where it does not pass through | pulmonary veins |
| where does the cardiac action potential (cardiac impulse) normally originate? | SA node |
| the correct sequence is: blood flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the : | aorta |
| which of the following is true regarding cardiac blood flow? | all are correct |
| the bicuspid and mitral valves: | "see" only oxygenated blood. |
| which of the following is true regarding mediastinum? | the mediastinum is a space between the lungs |
| cells that spontaneously depolarize from resting membrane potential to threshold potential: | are called pacemaker cells |
| which of the following is true about the left ventricular myocardium? | contraction pumps blood into the aorta |
| what is the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricles? | the pulmonic and aortic valves open |
| which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump? | myocardium |
| which of the following is least true of S2? | indicative of a gallop rhythm |
| which of the following is not considered a "great vessel"? | left anterior descending artery |
| which of the following is not true of the heart? | the pericardium is composed of actin and myosin |
| all of the following are electrical terms except: | sarcomere |
| an accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space: | causes external compression of the heart |
| the purpose of this structure is to delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles. | AV node |
| what happens during ventricular diastole? | the ventricles are filling with blood |
| which of the following does not happen during ventricular diastole? | blood is being pumped into the great vessels |
| a very anxious person appears in the ER. he has a heart rate of 160 beats/min and indicates that he has a history of panic attacks. he's prescribed antianxiety agent and a drug to slow his heart rate. identify the drug | beta1-adrenergic blocker |
| which of the following is least related to tachydysrhythmias? | vagal discharge |
| which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output? | vagal discharge |
| which of the following is the best description of systole and diastole? | contraction and relaxation |
| increased return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle, thereby: | increasing stroke volume |
| venodilation: | decreases preload |
| which of the following is inotropism most associated? | force of myocardial |
| which term is preload synonymous? | end-diastolic volume |
| most symptoms of acute left -sided heart failure are: | respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea) |
| an elevation in pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause: | right ventricular hypertrophy |
Created by:
editsuchan
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