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Ch 29
Orthopedic Surgery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tibia aka | Shin bone |
| Brought into anatomical alignment | Reduction |
| Type of surgical reduction w/ Surgical Incision | Open reduction (OR): |
| Manipulation of the bone or with an external traction device that pulls the bone fragments into position; no incision is made in the skin | Closed reduction (CR) |
| What's it called when bone fragments are stabilized and protected from shifting out of alignment | FIXATION |
| Surgical fixation that requires surgery to insert or implant a device that holds the bone fragments in place. | Internal fixation (IF) |
| stabilizing bone fragments from outside the body (i.e. cast) | External fixation (EF) |
| Cranium, Facial bones, Bones of the ear, Spinal Column, Sternum, Ribs are all part of what skeletal system of the body | AXIAL Skeleton |
| Upper extremities, lower extremities, pelvic girdle are part of what skeletal system of the body | APPENDICULAR Skeleton |
| largest bone in foot | Calcaneus (Heel) |
| 8 bones connected by suture lines make up what | Cranium |
| only movable joint in face | Mandible |
| How many pairs of tibs are there | 12 |
| Type of bone found on the surface of bones, surrounds the marrow cavity | Cortical (Compact) bone |
| Type of bone found at the ends of bones and the inner layer; Includes Lymphocytes, Monocytes long bones vertebrae pelvic bones | Cancellous (Spongy) bone - less dense than cortical, no geometric structure |
| Red & Yellow Marrow are found where | medullary cavity of Cancellous bone |
| Lines the inner channels of long bones | Endosteum |
| Tough bilayered membrane that covers bone | Periosteum |
| Bones of the arms, legs, and digits | Long Bones |
| Bone of the wrists (carpals) and angles (tarsals) | Short Bones |
| Bones of the ribs, scapula, sternum, cranial bones | Flat bones |
| Bone type for the Patella (Ball of foot) | Sesamoid (round) Bones |
| Bones of the vertebrae, spine and facial | Irregular bones |
| Abduction | Away from midline |
| Adduction | Toward Midline |
| Bending the foot upward (toes pointed up) | Dorsiflexion |
| Bending the foot downward (toes pointed down) | Plantar Flexion |
| Bending a joint | Flexion |
| straightening a joint | Extension |
| pointing body part downward (palm down) | Pronation |
| pointing body part upward (palm up) | Supination |
| BONE to BONE provide flexibility and strength and withstand high levels of tension | Ligaments |
| MUSCLE to BONE Help to move | Tendons |
| Specialized dense connective tissue, forms parts of joints and carcel of ribs, nasal septum and ear it along with synovial fluid helps joints to move freely without pain. | Cartilage |
| largest tendon in body | Achilles |
| Ligaments, Tendons and Cartilage are made of | Collagen |
| Tourniquet time Upper extremity | 1 Hour |
| Tourniquet time Lower extremity | 1.5 Hour |
| major infection from compound fracture | Osteomyelitis |
| Tear in ligament | SPRAIN |
| Tear in Tendon | STRAIN |
| a break in the integrity of a bone. (Charted with a # sign) | Fracture |
| Fracture type: bone fragments driven into another bone | Impacted |
| Fracture type: Resulting from disease | Pathologic |
| Fracture type: Cranial fracture in which the fragments are displaced inwardly | Depressed |
| Fracture type: Broken more than two pieces | Comminuted |
| Fracture type: fracture of immature bone that is soft and less brittle than mature bone | Incomplete or stress fracture (Greenstick) |
| Fracture type: Bone Pierces through skin | Open (Compound) |
| Fracture type: Fracture of a long bone that occurs in a spiral pattern as the result of Twisting or Torsion on the bone | Spiral Fracture |
| Bone and other tissues pulled from normal attachments | Avulsion |
| Fracture line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone | Transverse |
| Type of transverse fracture that occurs at an angle | Oblique |
| Fracture type: Bone crushed or collapsed into small pieces | Compression |
| Bone ends are out of alignment | Displaced |
| Femur, Tibia, Patella Components of what | Knee |
| subscapularis, infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Supraspinatus 4 Muscles of What? | open rotator cuff repair |
| THe middle shaft of the long bone is called the | Diaphysis |
| The Patella is an example of a _________________ bone | Sesamoid |
| A rounded orifice in bone or a passageway for blood vessels or nerves is known as a __________ | Foramen |
| _______ protect(s) the bone surface and provide(s) attachment for tendons | Periosteum |
| A knuckle shaped portion of bone, generally found in association with a joint, is called a ________ | Condyle |
| A joint that is immovable, such as the union of the major skull bones, is what kind of joint? | Synarthrosis joint |
| During _______ the glenoid rim is reattached to the joint to the joint capsule with a biosynthetic or other anchoring device or with heavy sutures | a Bankart Procedure |
| Percentage of proximal humeral fractures that require Open reduction or pinning | 20% |
| The surgical goal of a Bankart procedure is to | Correct a recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder |
| The orthopedic table (aka fracture table) is used mainly for surgery of the __________ | Femur and lower leg |
| Type of diagnostic imaging used in first-level assessment for most orthopedic traumas | X Ray |
| Fractures in which the bone penetrates the skin | Open |
| Most complicated joint of the body, vulnerable to a variety of injuries | Knee |
| Intermedullary nails are commonly used to repair fractures of the ___________ | Tibia and Femur |
| Procedure to free an entrapped median volar nerve and restore function of the wrist | Carpal Tunnel Release |
| Saw blade that is fixed at a right angle to the handpiece and moves along a perpendicular axis | Sagittal |
| K-wires and Steinman pins are inserted directly into the tissue using | a drill |
| Which procedure requires the use of orthopedic implants: ORIF, Closed reduction with plaster casting, closed reduction, application of a hip spica | ORIF |
| The fracture line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone | Transverse |
| A type of transverse fracture that occurs at an angle | Oblique |
| A fracture of the long bone that occurs in a spiral pattern as the result of twisting or torsion on the bone | Spiral |
| A fracture in which bone fragments are driven into each other or into another bone | Impacted |
| A fracture with 2 or more pieces | Comminuted |
| A fracture in which the fractures end penetrates the skin | Open |
| A fracture of immature bone that is soft and less brittle than mature bone | Greenstick |
Created by:
kinseyj27
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