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SURT 2050
FINAL Surgical Technology principals & practices II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Brought into anatomical alignment | Reduction |
| Type of surgical reduction w/ Surgical Incision | Open reduction (OR): |
| Manipulation of the bone or with an external traction device that pulls the bone fragments into position; no incision is made in the skin | Closed reduction (CR) |
| What's it called when bone fragments are stabilized and protected from shifting out of alignment | FIXATION |
| Surgical fixation that requires surgery to insert or implant a device that holds the bone fragments in place. | Internal fixation (IF) |
| stabilizing bone fragments from outside the body (i.e. cast) | External fixation (EF) |
| Cranium, Facial bones, Bones of the ear, Spinal Column, Sternum, Ribs are all part of what skeletal system of the body | AXIAL Skeleton |
| Upper extremities, lower extremities, pelvic girdle are part of what skeletal system of the body | APPENDICULAR Skeleton |
| Tibia aka | Shin bone |
| largest bone in foot | Calcaneus (Heel) |
| 8 bones connected by suture lines | Cranium |
| only movable joint in face | Mandible |
| How many pairs of tibs are there | 12 |
| Type of bone found on the surface of bones, surrounds the marrow cavity | Cortical (Compact) bone |
| Type of bone found at the ends of bones and the inner layer; Includes Lymphocytes, Monocytes long bones vertebrae pelvic bones | Cancellous (Spongy) bone - less dense than cortical, no geometric structure |
| Red & Yellow Marrow are found where | medullary cavity of Cancellous bone |
| Lines the inner channels of long bones | Endeosteum |
| Tough bilayered membrane that covers bone | Periosteum |
| Bones of the arms, legs, and digits | Long Bones |
| Bone of the wrists (carpals) and angles (tarsals) | Short Bones |
| Bones of the ribs, scapula, sternum, cranial bones | Flat bones |
| Bone type for the Patella (Ball of foot) | Sesamoid (round) Bones |
| Bones of the vertebrae, spine and facial | Irregular bones |
| Abduction | Away from midline |
| Adduction | Toward Midline |
| Circumduction | Circular Motion |
| Dorsiflexion | Bending the foot upward (toes pointed up) |
| Plantar Flexion | Bending the foot downward (toes pointed down) |
| Flexion | Bending a joint |
| Extension | straightening a joint |
| Pronation | pointing body part downward (palm down) |
| Supination | pointing body part upward (palm up) |
| BONE to BONE provide flexibility and strength and withstand high levels of tension | Ligaments |
| MUSCLE to BONE Help to move | Tendons |
| Specialized dense connective tissue, forms parts of joints and carcel of ribs, nasal septum and ear it along with synovial fluid helps joints to move freely without pain. | Cartilage |
| largest tendon in body | Achilles |
| Ligaments, Tendons and Cartilage are made of | Collagen |
| Tourniquet time Upper extremity | 1 Hour |
| Tourniquet time Lower extremity | 1.5 Hour |
| major infection from compound fracture | Osteomyelitis |
| Tear in ligament | SPRAIN |
| Tear in Tendon | STRAIN |
| a break in the integrity of a bone. (Charted with a # sign) | Fracture |
| Fracture type: bone fragments driven into another bone | Impacted |
| Fracture type: Resulting from disease | Pathologic |
| Fracture type: Cranial fracture in which the fragments are displaced inwardly | Depressed |
| Fracture type: Broken more than two pieces | Comminuted |
| Fracture type: fracture of immature bone that is soft and less brittle than mature bone | Incomplete or stress fracture (Greenstick) |
| Fracture type: Bone Pierces through skin | Open (Compound) |
| Fracture type: Fracture of a long bone that occurs in a spiral pattern as the result of Twisting or Torsion on the bone | Spiral Fracture |
| Bone and other tissues pulled from normal attachments | Avulsion |
| Fracture line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone | Transverse |
| Type of transverse fracture that occurs at an angle | Oblique |
| Fracture type: Bone crushed or collapsed into small pieces | Compression |
| Bone ends are out of alignment | Displaced |
| 1st phase of bone healing | Inflammatory phase |
| 2nd phase of bone healing | Reparative phase - gross cells emerging from periosteum, proliferate and form callous ossification occurs, |
| 3rd phase of bone healing | Remodeling phase - initial bone matrix is replaced with |
| Type of saw: Blade moves back and forth | Reciprocating saw |
| Type of saw: Oscillates and oscillates | Sagittal saw |
| Type of saw: blade moves from side to side | Oscillating saw |
| Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior | SLAPP procedure - BANKART REPAIR |
| subscapularis, infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Supraspinatus 4 Muscles of What? | open rotator cuff repair |
| Femur, Tibia, Patella Components of what | Knee |
| SKIN GRAFTS: contains only the dermis (epidermis and part of the dermis (papillary dermis), which is a highly bioactive portion of the dermis | Split Thickness Skin Graft |
| SKIN GRAFTS: contains epidermis & complete full dermis. | Full Thickness skin graft |
| SKIN GRAFTS: 2 or more types of tissue. | Composite graft |
| SKIN GRAFTS: one individual to another. Aka homograft, harvested from donors and preserved by the tissue bank until needed. Skin, bone, and cartilage are commonly used allografts. | Allograft |
| SKIN GRAFTS: Biological graft, one area of the body and transplanted to another area in the same patient | Autograft |
| SKIN GRAFTS: tissue taken from one species that is grafted into another species | Xenograft |
| porcine | pig |
| BURN CLASSIFICATIONS: Only the outer layer of the epidermis is injured. The skin is red or pink, dry, and painful to touch. | Superficial partial-thickness (1st – degree): |
| BURN CLASSIFICATIONS: epidermis and various degrees of the dermis are injured. blistered, red, and moist. The burn is very sensitive to environmental exposure and touch. | partial- thickness (2nd degree) |
| BURN CLASSIFICATIONS: the epidermis and full dermis are injured. White, smooth, shiny surface with dry blisters and edema. | full- thickness (2nd degree) |
| BURN CLASSIFICATIONS: the subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone are burned. Skin may be white, brown, or black, and appears waxy. There is no pain because nerves have been destroyed. develop eschar | full- thickness (3rd degree) |
| BURN CLASSIFICATIONS: damaged blood vessels, nerves muscles tendons can affect bone density. Surgery to remove necrotic tissue & for extensive reconstruction. | Char burns (4th degree) |
| Estimates % of body surface burned – to assess the extent of burn injuries & estimate how much fluid a patient needs. | Rule of Nines |
| TYPES OF GRAFT MATERIAL: Derived from living tissue | Biological |
| TYPES OF GRAFT MATERIAL: Derived from manufactured materials | Synthetic |
| TYPES OF GRAFT MATERIAL: Absorbed by the body or enhances healing but is not derived from biological tissue | Biosynthetic |
| PROCEDURES: Redundant and sagging supportive tissue of the face is reduced | Rhytidectomy – aka facelift |
| cheek augmentation = increase the height of the cheekbone for aesthetic improvement | Malar augmentation |
| Chin augmentation | Mentoplasty |
| reduction of a loose apron of tissue that arises from the lower abdomen. | Panniculectomy |
| performed to increase the size and improve the shape of the breast or to create a new breast after mastectomy | Breast Augmentation (muscle pocket) - |
| implant inserted over the pectoralis minor & pectoralis major muscles. | Subglandular approach |
| implant is fully inserted under the pectoralis major & above the pectoralis minor muscles. | Submuscular |
| flap is breast reconstruction w/o implants | Transverse Rectus Abdominis Mycutaneous |
| aka “flap graft” is raised from the donor site but not immediately severed free | Pedicle grafts |
| remove excess deep fat – | Liposuction |
| lip augmentation, modified the lips either to repair defect or to change shape. Primary cleft lip repair - removes skin and tissue from the lips to change their size and shape | Cheiloplasty |
| surgical procedure that corrects or reconstructs a cleft palate | Palatoplasty |
| solution is injected first in Lyposuction; silicone, lidocaine, w/ epi & wydase. | Tumescent |
| Dermachalasis | relaxation & hypertrophy of eyelid skin |
| STRATUM of EPIDERMUS: most superficial (outermost) layer. Composed of dead keratinocytes that are filled with protein keratin. | Stratus Corneum |
| STRATUM of EPIDERMUS: composed of dead or dying cells that are flattened and densely packed. Extremely thin. | Stratus Lucidium |
| STRATUM of EPIDERMUS: several cells thick and produces keratin. | Stratus Granulosm |
| STRATUM of EPIDERMUS: contains undifferentiated cells that become specialized as they migrate to the skin surface. | Stratum Spinosum |
| STRATUM of EPIDERMUS: deepest layer that’s attached to the dermis. These cells undergo mitosis, producing daughter keratinocytes that migrate through the other layers. Also contains melanocytes which produce melanin | Stratum Basale |
| Type of Sweat glands: arise from the dermis and are located mainly in the axilla and groin | Apocrine sweat glands |
| Type of Sweat glands: sweat over the surface of the body through small tubules | Eccrine glands secrete |
| produce sebum (wax, lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides) | sebaceous glands |
| Bolar | Surface-palm side of hand |
| L, Y, H, T are | Plate configurations for OMF surgery |
| uneven bite or misaligned teeth | Malocclusion of the jaw |
| Procedure to fix malocclusion of the jaw | Orthognathic surgery |
| Division of Face: FRONTAL BONE | UPPER FACE |
| Division of Face: ETHMOID BONE, NASAL BONE, ZYGOMA, MAXILLARY | MID FACE |
| Division of Face: MANDIBLE only movable bone of the face and the largest and strongest facial bone. | LOWER FACE |
| ENAMAL, SOFT, DENTIN and Inner VASCULAR PULP are layers of what | Teeth |
| Any screw that has entered a patient cannot be | re-sterilized &/and reused - must be disposed of |
| LARGEST (located under and in front of each ear) (alongside ear, drains into Stensen’s duct) | PAROTID Glands |
| WHARTON DUCT - 2nd largest salivary gland | SUBMANDIBULAR Gland |
| DUCT of RIVNUS (10 small ducts) - SMALLEST GLAND DUCT | SUBLINGUAL Gland |
| Regulates calcium concentration | PARATHYROID GLANDS |
| increases calcium removal from the bone | PTH |
| separates 2 lobes of the Thyroid Gland | ISTHMUS |
| Thyroid Hormones - Stimulate the rate of metabolism | T3 = Triiodothyronine & T4 = Thyroxine |
| performed to remove the vitreous from the anterior chamber | VITRECTOMY |
| 1. Maxilla 2. Frontal bone 3. Zygomatic bone 4. Ethmoid bone 5. Lacrimal bone 6. Sphenoid bone 7. Palatine bone | Bones of the Orbital Cavity |
| Abbreviation for Right eye | OD |
| Abbreviation for Left eye | OS |
| Abbreviation for Both eyes | OU |
| Thin transparent mucous membrane that lines the each eyelid and covers the sclera. | CONJUNCTIVA |
| BICONVEX, clear structure encompassed by a transparent capsule. | LENS |
| Drape used to cover the hair | TURBIN |
| BALANCE SALT SOLUTION “BSS” used for what | Irrigation Eye procedures |
| MYDRIATICS | Dilates the eyes |
| MIOTICS | Constriction |
| an opening of the lacrimal duct on the edge of the eyelid | PUNCTUM |
| Junction where the inner eyelids meet. | MEDIAL CAMPUS |
| located on the upper lid & outer angle of the orbit | LACRIMAL DUCTS |
| DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY | creation of a permanent opening in the tear duct for drainage of tears. |
| INTRACAPSULAR EXTRACTION | LARGE INCISION, through which entire lens is removed In one piece. |
| EXTRACAPSULAR EXTRACTION | SMALL INCISION, lens extracted using phacoemulsification |
| Phacoemulsification | tuned to a frequency that destroys only the target tissue. |
| involuntary contraction of muscles leading to cramps, spasms and overactive reflexes | TETANY |
| GLOSSECTOMY | Removal of tongue |
Created by:
kinseyj27
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