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Network #12

From 6.1 [application layer protocol]

TermDefinition
Application layer Provides the service to the user. Not a software application. It is the network protocol by which the software application and another host interact. PDU - Messages. Address - Name / Application specific
Socket API Can tell the lowest four layers of the TCP/IP suite to open the connection, send and receive data, and close the connection. It can therefore be treated as an "interface"
Application layer paradigms To use the internet we need 2 application programs to interact, each running on the same or different hosts. They send messages to each other through the internet infrastructure. Two paradigms have been developed, client-server and peer-to-peer paradigm
Client-Server paradigm Communication at the application layer occurs between two processes: a client and a server. The client initiates communication by sending a request, while the server waits to receive it. A TCP/IP host can act as both client and server simultaneously.
Uniform Resource Locator(URL) They all consist of a Service (protocol) type, Host or domain name, Port number (optional), and a Path (directory of information)
File Transfer Protocol(FTP) The standard protocol provided by TCP/IP for copying a file from one host to another. Uses TCP as transport layer protocol
Two connections The control connection (Port 21) remains connected during the interactive FTP session. The data connection (Port 20) is opened and then closed for each file transfer activity
World Wide Web Web pages are accessed online via browsers, created with HTML, and transferred using HTTP. It’s a client-server service: browsers access web servers. Services are distributed across sites, each holding one or more web pages
Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) Used to access data on the WWW. Similar to FTP because it transfers files and uses TCP services. HTTP transaction involves series of request and response messages. Happens after TCP 3-way handshake
Cookies and State Small amount of data created by a Web server that is stored on the hard drive of a user's workstation. This state info is used to track a user's activity and to predict future needs. Stored info can be used by other web sites as well
Domain Name System(DNS) Large, distributed database of URLs and IP addresses. Use DNS protocol for communication of information. Can use UDP or TCP as transport layer (Port number: 53)
Resolution (DNS lookup) Name-address resolution maps a name to an address. DNS uses a client-server model where a host calls a DNS client, the resolver, to perform this mapping. The resolver sends a request to the nearest DNS server for the required mapping.
Created by: jolly_n4
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