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Network #11

From 5.1 [transport layer]

TermDefinition
Transport layer Controls the transportation of a message from one process(source node) to another process(destination node). Provides Process-to-Process communication. PDU - Segment. Address - Port number
Process-to-Process communication "Process" is an executing instance of a program. Operating systems assign every process a numeric identifier called process ID(PID). One host may have multiple processes for multiple programs
Port numbers Identify source and destination processes for a communication
Well known ports Range: 0 to 1023. Operating system or admin use
Registered ports Range: 1024 to 49151. Network users, processes with no special privileges
Dynamic ports Range: 49152 to 65535. No restrictions. Aka ephemeral ports / private ports
Socket address The machine's IP address and specific port. Ex: Port num - 23, Host address - 10.10.1.1, Socket address - 10.10.1.1:23
Transport Protocols User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) "Connection-less" protocol used for its simplicity and efficiency. Process-to-Process communication using socket address. Each segment is sent independently. No flow, congestion, and error control
UDP segment Aka UDP datagram. Made up of UDP header and user data payload. UDP has a fixed header size of 8 bytes, with 4 fields: Source port number, Destination port num, Total length (of the datagram), Checksum
UDP use cases For processes requiring request-response communication but not requiring flow and error control. Interactive real-time apps that cannot tolerate jitter (variable delay) in arrival (ex. video calls) and multicasting apps. Not for apps that need reliability
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) "Connection-oriented" protocol that can be used in any app where reliability is important. Controls the logical connection between the hosts. Process-to-Process communication using socket address. Full duplex. Reliable: Error checking, Flow control, etc
TCP segments Larger application data is divided into small pieces called segments, and sent sequentially from buffer
TCP packet Made up of TCP header and Data. Header is min 20 byte. Fields in the header: Source port num, Destination port num, Sequence num, Acknowledgement num, Control flags, Window size
Control flags Used to indicate what type of segment is being sent. Instructs the receiver about how to handle the segment
TCP connection establishment Connection, Flow, and Termination. Called Three-way handshaking. The client sends a SYN request, the server respond with a SYN-ACK, and the client finalize with an ACK, confirming both sides are ready to communicate
Typical TCP apps Apps that require reliable service (detects lost packets and retransmits). Apps using TCP need to tolerate jitter(variable delay) if retransmission occurred
Created by: jolly_n4
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