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Network #10
From 4.2 + 5.2 [packet switching + unix]
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Packet delivery scheme | Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast |
| Unicast | Delivers a message to a specific host |
| Broadcast | Delivers a message to all hosts in the network |
| Multicast | Delivers a message to a group of hosts that have expressed interest in receiving the message |
| Routing | Selecting best paths in a network. Also means forwarding network traffic among networks |
| Routing table | A data structure that stores routes to network destinations and determines the best path for forwarding packets through intermediate nodes |
| Routing protocols | Helps the router find the best path to a destination. Ex Routing Information Protocol(RIP) |
| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) | After a block of addresses are assigned to an organization, the network admin can manually assign addresses to the hosts or routers. It automates that distribution process. Application layer program but helps at the network layer |
| DHCP leasing process | Device borrows(leases) IP, DHCP determines when client obtains IP at log on (user may force lease termination), DHCP specifies leased address range and configures lease duration |
| Public or global address | Routable in the internet. consumers usually need to pay ISP to use |
| Private address | Not routable in the internet, unless you're using Network Address Translation(NAT). Free to use. Provides some security |
| Automatic Private IP Addressing(APIPA) | Used if DHCP isn't available. The client cannot communicate without a valid IP address |
| Network Address Translation(NAT) | The technology using a set of global/public internet addresses (at least one) for communication with the rest of the world. Hosts inside the private network can use private addresses for internal communication |
| Loopback address | Cannot be assigned to any interface. IP packet with loopback destination does not go out through any physical interface. 'localhost' points to the loopback address. Everything after 127 in 127.0.0.1 |
| Broadcast address | Targets all the nodes in the LAN as destination. Cannot be assigned to any interface. 255.255.255.255 |
| Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) | Layer 3 protocol used for control messaging and error reporting (doesn't correct errors). Encapsulated within IP packet. Used by both routers and hosts. Ping tool uses ICMP to test network connectivity |
| Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) | Layer 3 protocol. Obtains host MAC/physical address and maps MAC address to other hosts' IP addresses. Every TCP/IP host must have an ARP table (contains recognized MAC-to-IP address mappings) |
| IPv6 | Gradually replacing IPv4. 128 bit address space. Represented as Colon-Hex (FDEC : BA98 : ...) More efficient header, better security, better prioritization provisions, automatic IP configuration, billions of additional IP addresses |
| Protocol stacking | How software modules for protocols are arranged layer by layer |
| Areas within OS for Protocol layers | Host(User area, Kernel area) and Device(NIC) |
| Unix Socket API | Unix had traditionally provided the Socket Application Programming Interface(API) to simplify network programming. Aka "Berkeley Socket" or just Socket |
| Winsock | Dynamic-link library in Windows(WINSOCK.DLL). Provides an API similar to Unix Socket |
Created by:
jolly_n4
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