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Unit 1-Chapter 2

Medical Terminology

TermDefinition
bio- life: biochemistry—branch of science dealing with the chemistry of life-forms.
di- two: disaccharide—a molecule composed of two bonded simple sugar units
glyc- sweet: glycogen—complex carbohydrate composed of glucose molecules bonded in a particular way.
iso- equal: isotope—atom that has the same atomic number as another atom but a different atomic weight.
lip- fat: lipids—group of organic compounds that includes fats.
-lyt break down: electrolyte—substance that breaks down and releases ions in water.
mono- one: monosaccharide—a molecule consisting of a single simple sugar unit.
poly- many: polyunsaturated—molecule with two or more double bonds between its carbon atoms.
sacchar- sugar: monosaccharide—a molecule consisting of a single simple sugar unit.
syn- together: synthesis—process by which chemicals join to form new types of chemicals.
Atom Smallest particle of an element
Electron (e−) Extremely small particle within an atom; carries a negative electrical charge and is in constant motion around an atomic nucleus
Proton (p+) Relatively large particle within an atom; carries a positive electrical charge and is found within an atomic nucleus
Neutron (n0) Relatively large particle within an atom; about the same weight as a proton; uncharged/electrically neutral; found within an atomic nucleus
Ion Particle, formed from an atom, that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost one or more electrons
Molecule Particle formed by union of two or more atoms
Acid Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) Carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid
Base Substance that releases ions that can combine with hydrogen ions Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate
Salt Substance formed by the reaction between an acid and a base Sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, magnesium sulfate
Created by: Ldiaz2449
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