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Unit 1-Chapter 1

Levels of Organization

TermDefinition
Subatomic particle protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up cells
Atom tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)
Molecule particles consisting of atoms joined together (water, glucose)
Macromolecule large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, protein)
Organelle functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome)
Cell basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell) All living things consist of cells
Tissue layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose or epithelial tissue) • composed of interacting organ systems (human) 6
Organ group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)
Organ System group of organs with common function (digestive system)
Organism composed of interacting organ systems (human)
Internal environment Environment within body
Homeostasis Maintenance of constant internal environment
Interdependency of cells Cells depend on each other
Structure and Function Interrelated
Gradients and permeability Cells move from high to low, down pressure and concentration gradients, across permeable membranes
Cellular differentiation Specialization of cells due to gene expression
Cell membrane mechanisms Determine entry of substances, responds to signals
Cell-to-cell communication Via membrane receptors
Feedback loops Homeostatic mechanisms for stability
Balance Replacement of lost substances, elimination of excesses
Energy processes Keeps cells active
The nucleus The largest organelle in a cell the "control center" of the cell and houses the majority of the cell's DNA
Created by: Ldiaz2449
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