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Rotor C Flight con
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common type of structure used on helicopters? | Semimonocoque. |
| What are the two common types of engines used on helicopters? | Reciprocating and turbine. |
| If an engine shut down occurs what disengages the engine from the main rotor? | Freewheeling unit. |
| What is the most common rotor configuration used on helicopters? | Single two blade rotor single tail rotor. |
| Name the types of main rotor systems? | Rigid, Semi rigid, Fully articulated. |
| What are the main differences between main rotor systems. | The hinge set up allowing either no movement (rigid), Up and down movement only (semi rigid) or full up and down and fore and aft movement (fully articulated). |
| What allows the rotor blades to change pitch? | Feathering hinge. |
| Rotation for the rotary wing on an autogyro is provided by the ______________________ . | auto rotational forces. |
| What was the first mass produced helicopter. | Sikorsky |
| What is the primary aft control on a helicopter? | Tail/torque rotor, notar. |
| What is the effect of the main rotor turning? | Rotational torque opposite to the rotation of the blades. |
| What is the effect of rotational torque on a helicopter? | Causes the fuselage to rotate the opposite direction of the rotation of the main rotor. |
| What counter acts the effect of torque on the fuselage and controls direction? | Tail rotor. |
| How do you control the pitch of the tail rotor? | Foot pedals. |
| Most helicopters use a ____________ airfoil? | Symmetrical. |
| An airfoil with a __________ surface produces more lift than an airfoil with a ___________ surface. | Smooth, rough. |
| What gyroscopic forces act on the rotor as it turns? | Gyroscopic procession? |
| Describe gyroscopic procession? | Force applied to a rotating body will take effect 90 degrees after in the direction of rotation? |
| In order for an aircraft to hover the forces acting on it must? | Be equal. |
| What non conventional tail rotor systems exist? | Fenestrom, Notar. |
| How does a NOTAR system work? | Air directed through a series of slots in the tail boom. |
| _________________ of lift is created by forward movement of the helicopter. | Dissymmetry. |
| As more power is provided from the engines to the main rotor what increases? | Torque that the tail rotor must produce more thrust to compensate for. |
| If the angle of attack of the main rotor blades is increased equally the helicopter will produce? | Lift. |
| An out of track rotor blade on a helicopter causes a ________________ vibration or a _____________ movement. | Low frequency vertical, up and down. |
| High speed moving parts that are torqued incorrectly can cause a ___________________ vibration. | High frequency. |
| Name a type of helicopter usually used for heavy load lifting that does not utilize a anti torque rotor? | tandem rotor? |
| How does a tail rotor compensate for rotational torque from the main rotor? | Changes the pitch of the blades. |
| Movement about the lateral axis _________, is accomplished by movement of the ____________ control. | Pitch, Cyclic. |
| Directional movement about the vertical axis ______, is controlled by the ________ ____________. | Yaw, foot pedals. |
| Movement about the longitudinal axis ___________ is controlled with the ____________ control. | Roll, Cyclic. |
| While the aircraft is in hover a condition exists that causes the helicopter to drift laterally this is called? | Translating drift. |
| Describe how translating drift occurs? | While in hover the helicopter will drift to the right due to the thrust produced by the tail rotor while compensating for torque. |
| How can you tell if the pilot is compensating for translating drift? | Left skid will hang low. |
| What cheap method is used to align rotor blades on the same plane of rotation? | Trim tabs. |
| What types of helicopter landing gear systems are used? | Skids, Wheels, Some retractable systems. |
| What safety equipment is required on helicopters that operate over water? | Flotation devices. |
| Where does ground effect occur? | From the ground to approximately one rotor blade above the ground? |
| What is ground effect? | Down wash from the rotor meets friction on the ground changing the relative motion of air through the rotor making lift more efficent. |
| How does ground effect affect the characteristics of the aircraft? | Less main rotor angle of attack is required to produce lift. |
| What shape of rotor is commonly utilized on helicopters? | Symmetrical. |
| A relative wind striking the leading edge of a symmetrical rotor produces _______________ therefore, this airfoil must have an __________. | Zero lift, AOA. |
| In helicopters torque is applied in a _____________ plane rather than a __________ plane. | Horizontal, Vertical. |
| An out of balance rotor blade causes what and how is this felt? | Lateral vibration felt by a side to side movement. |
| Describe dissymmetry of lift? | Unequal lift between the advancing and retreating blade caused by differing wind flow velocity caused by forward flight. |
| How is dissymmetry of lift corrected? | By a flapping or teetering hinge that allows the blade to flap up (decrease lift) or flap down (increase lift). |
| If the speeds of the advancing and retreating blades of the rotor are the same there is? | Symmetry of lift. |
| What would a buzzing sound or numbing effect while handling the controls indicate? | High frequency vibration. |
| Rotor tracking systems provide information to adjust tracking how is this accomplished. | Adjusting pitch links and tabs. |
| What is the upward thrust bending force that is applied to rotor blades? | Coning. |
| The spanwise axis about which a rotor blade rotates to change pitch is known as the? | Feathering axis. |
| Out of balance condition or hard ground contact caused by improperly maintained landing gear that causes a rising frequency on the ground that can shake the aircraft apart is called? | Ground resonance. |
| How should a pilot react to ground resonance? | Lift the aircraft of the ground and hover. |
| What allows a fully articulated rotor system to be aerodynamically balanced? | Lead and lag. |
| Helicopters that use one main and one tail rotor are called? | Single rotor. |
| The design concept that attempts to get around the speed limitations of the conventional helicopter is the __________________. | Tilt rotor. |
| The change from hover to forward flight is called? | Transition. |
| What is the key component that makes controlled helicopter flight possible? | Control plate. |
| ___________________ is accomplished when center of gravity, center of pressure and blade feathering axis act at the same point. | Aerodynamic stability |
| How would erosion on the leading edge of wooden blades be reduced? | Stainless steel plates. |
| The blade ______________ is the shape of the rotor blade when viewed from above. | planform. |
| What part of the rotor blade requires strengthening due to susceptibility to damage? | Trailing edge |
| What is the main supporting part of the rotor blade that rubs spanwise? | Spar. |
| How are the underside of blades coated to prevent glare in the cockpit? | Lusterless black. |
| Even during engine failure the rotor still turns the transmission and provides _______________ controls. | Autorotation. |
| At what speed does effective translation lift occur? | 16-24 knots. |
| How does effective translation lift occur? | During forward flight the airflow becomes undisturbed and results in increased efficiency towards the front of the rotor causing the nose to rise. |
| What transfers control inputs from the cyclic and collective control to the main rotor? | Swash plate. |
| The main rotor blades supply ________ and _______. | Thrust, lift. |
| What type of airfoil is not desirable in rotor craft due to the shift in the center or pressure? | Asymmetrical. |
| Why is a symmetrical airfoil desired? | Center of pressure does not move at increased angle of attack. |
| What is a benefit in operation of the helicopter that is in ground effect? | Reduced power requirements. |
| What is a disadvantage of a tandem rotor rotor helicopter? | Poor longitudinal stability. |
| What rotor system has two rotors on the same mast? | Coaxial. |
| What component allows the main rotor to spin of its own free wil regardless of engine speed? | Free wheeling unit. |
| What are the main components of a helicopter transmission system? | Main and tail rotor drive, clutch, freewheeling unit. |
| What component in a main rotor system is utilized reduce vibration and noise? | Elastomeric bearings. |
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g153511
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