Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PN Cert Ch.3
Precision Nutrition Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| glycolytic system | process of breaking down glucose for energy; can be fast or slow |
| pyruvate | the end process of glycolysis |
| NADH | used to transfer electrons |
| hydrogen ion | the cation of acids; consists of a hydrogen atom whose electron has been transfered to the anion of the acid |
| NAD+ | coenzyme of dehydrogenases; plays a role in the intermediary metabolism as an oxidizing agent for metabolites |
| lactic acid | an organic byproduct of anaerobic metabolism derived from pyruvate; can be used as an energy source for cells |
| oxidative phosphorylation | the phosphorylation of ATP coupled to the ETC |
| muscle acidity | an acidic environment created when the pH level of muscle cells fall below seven |
| krebs cycle | a major metabolic pathway that involves a series of enzymatic reactions that convert pyruvic acid from food to acetyl CoA for energy |
| electron transport chain | set of compounds that transfers electrons to a donor that creates energy |
| beta oxidation | break down of FA that takes place in the mitochondria and peroxisomes |
| FAD+ | riboflavin derived electron acceptor in the Krebs cycle |
| cytochrome | protein found in mitochondria (inner) that transports electrons |
| glucose 6-phosphate | phosphorylated form of glucose that won't diffuse out of a cell |
| glycogen synthase | enzyme necessary for the conversion of excess glucose into stored glycogen |
| epinephrine | hormone and NT; also known as adrenaline |
| norepinephrine | hormone and NT; noradrenaline |
| glycogen phosphorylase | enzyme necessary for glycogenolysis; breaks glycogen into glucose units |
| glycogenolysis | breakdown of stored glycogen to glucose |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels |
| alpha cells | endocrine cells of the pancreas that secret glucagon in response to low blood glucose or stress |
| adrenal medulla | central part of the adrenal gland that secretes (nor)epinephrine and dopamine |
| glycolysis | series of reactions in the cytosol that converts glucose into pyruvate and ultimately ATP |
| anabolic threshold | the point at which lactic acid begins to accumulate in the bloodstream |
| oxaloacetate | intermediate that couples with acetyl CoA to form citrate |
| fat adaptation | a higher capacity to oxidize fat |
| plasma | the liquid component of blood that suspends blood cells; contains water, glucose, proteins and hormones |
| gluconeogenesis | conversion of non-carbohydrate compounds into glucose |
| cori cycle | use of lactate produced in the muscles by the liver for the production of glucose |
| hormone sensitive lipase | enzyme of the cytosol that frees fatty acids and glycerol |
| growth hormone | anabolic hormone that causes growth and cell reproduction; also known as somatotropin |
| fatty synthase system | system of enzymes involved in the synthesis of FA |
| VLDL | particle used in lipid transport; assembled in the liver by cholesterol and apolipoprotein, converted to LDL |
| lipogenic enzyme | enzyme involved with the synthesis of fat |
| alpha linolenic acid | unsaturated omega-3 FA |
| omega 3 | family of unsaturated FA characterized by C-C double bond 3 spaces in from the methyl end |
| linoleic acid | unsaturated omega-6 FA |
| omega 6 | family of unsaturated FA characterized by double bond 6 spaces in from the methyl end |
| chylomicron | a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and triglyceride from the small intestine to the tissues of the body |
| lipoprotein | a class of proteins with hydrophobic core of triglyceride or cholesterol surrounded by hydrophilic phospholipids, apolipoproteins and cholesterol |
| statin drugs | pharmaceutical agents that decrease cholesterol production within the body via downregulation of HMG CoA reductase |
| LDL cholesterol | a lipoprotein that transports TAG and cholesterol from the liver to body tissues |
| HDL cholesterol | a lipoprotein that transports FA and cholesterol from the body tissues to the liver |
| lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase LCAT | an enzyme that is used to convert cholesterol to a transportable form for lipoproteins |
| athersclerosis | development of plaque in the lumen of blood vessels |
| plasma pool of amino acids | reserve of AA found in blood plasma |
| peptide chain | short polymer formed from linking amino acids |
| deamination | removal of an amine group from a compound |
| BCAA | AA with aliphatic side chain that is non-linear |
| carbon skeleton | chains, branches or rings of carbon atoms that form organic molecules |
| ammonia | also known as NH3, a very basic end product of protein metabolism |
| urea cycle | cycle that takes place in the liver and creates urea from ammonia and CO2 |
| urea | water soluble final nitrogenous excretion product synthesised from ammonia and CO2; found in urine |
| alpha keto acid | an organic acid containing a functional ketone group and a carboxylic acid |
| transamination | a transfer of an amino group from an AA to an alpha keto acid |
| protein turnover | balance between protein synthesis and breakdown |
Created by:
8605813
Popular Sports Medicine sets