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Physiology Kendra J
Kendra Jotten's Physiology midterm studystack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extrinsic Control involves: | Endocrine: hormonal regulation Nervous: neural regulation Environmental factor: temperature/light |
| Explain Homeostatic control mechanisms | The process for maintaining or returning to homeostasis |
| setpoint is: | the target value that a physiological system aims to maintain for homeostasis. For example, the body’s core temperature setpoint is around 37°C (98.6°F). |
| How are homeostatic control mechanisms categorized? | organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms |
| Intracellular regulation | controls internal cell processes, including enzyme activity, gene expression, and signaling pathways. It manages metabolic functions, ion concentrations, and responses to stimuli, ensuring cells maintain homeostasis and adapt to changes. |
| What are the basic components of the feedback loop? | Effector mechanism, sensor, integrator center |
| Define a virus | Intracellular parasites that contain DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope |
| The contraction of the uterus is an example of what type of feedback | Positive feedback loop. |
| True or False? When 2 amino acids are joined a peptide bond is formed and h+ ions are released | FALSE |
| Define "water loving" and "Water repelling" | Hydrophillic-loves Hydrophobic-repels |
| Name the 4 elements of proteins | Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen |
| The word Glycoprotein is combo of | carbohydrate and protein with protein as the dominant |
| define glycogen | is a polysaccharide that serves as a primary storage form of glucose in animals. It's primarily found in the liver and muscles, where it can be quickly converted back to glucose when energy is needed |
| Define Phagocytosis | The process by which microorganisms or other large particles are engulfed |
| Explain a catalyst | A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| What do three base pairs form? | Codon |
| What occurs in the cytoplasm | Glycolysis |
| what are some characteristics of meiosis | 4 haploid gametes, a reduction division, 2 steps of cell division |
| Define Osmosis | The net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration |
| Define the process of filtration | Process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane |
| Active transport is when | Materials move from a low concentration to a high concentration. |
| What are arrector pili | Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples when they contract |
| What layer of skin is the hair follicle found in | Dermis |
| Define the stratum spinosum | The layer of skin cells that look prickly due to the desmmosomes that join the cells together |
| Define Keratinocytes | They are tough fibrous protein and account for most of the epidermal cells of the skin |
| What are functions of the connective tissue | Transport , support, defense |
| Why are mucus membranes important | Because they lubricate and protect the passageways |
| What is the name of tissue that contains neurons | Nervous tissue |
| What is brown fat | Defends the body from microbes and injurious substances. |
| Astrocytes are: | Cells from the blood brain barrier that protect the brain from harmful substances of the blood. |
| What type of bone is the Radius Fibula and Tibia | Long Bone |
| Name the two types of bone marrow and their function | Red Marrow: Produces red blood cells, Yellow marrow stores energy as fat. |
| Why is cartilage slow to heal | Because it is semi-solid, flexible, no or limited blood supply |
| What does the epiphyseal plate due | Allow bones to grow |
| What is the occipital bone associated with | vision or eyes |
| What happens to the density of bone after 50 | Decreases slowly due to a change in the remodeling activity. |
| Which structures characterize synovial joints | Joint capsule, articular cartilage and ligaments |
| What joint has a gliding joint | Spinal vertebrae |
| The elbo is an example of which joint | Uniaxial |
| What is extensibility | The muscles ability to stretch or extend and to return to a resting length. |
| Where is the suture joint located | The skull |
| when is the synchondrosis present between the epiphyses of the long bone and it's diaphysis | The growth years |
| When does a Isomeric Muscle contraction occur? | When someone attempts to pick up an object too heavy to lift |
| What is the opposite of eversion | Inversion |
| Which Ion is necessary for cross bridging | Ion |
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KendraJotten
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