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Prof Dev Sem
Chapters 4 & 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| American Recovery and Reinvestment Act | A wide-ranging act that authorized $787 billion in spending and tax cuts over a 10-year period and included strong privacy provisions for electronic health records, such as banning the sale of health information, encryption, right of patient access |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendment's to the United States constitution that spell out additional rights of individuals |
| Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) | An act implemented in 1998 in an attempt to give parents control over the collection, use, and disclosure of their children's personal information |
| Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) | An act passed in 1994 that amended the Wiretap Act and Electronic Communications Privacy Act, which required the telecommunications industry to build tools into its products that federal investigators could use- after obtaining a court order- to eavesdrop |
| Cookie | Text files that can be downloaded to the hard drives of users who visit a website, so that the website is able to identify visitors on subsequent visits |
| Cyberloafing | Using the internet for purposes unrelate to work such as posting to Facebook, sending personal emails or Instant messages, or shopping online |
| Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) | This deals with 3 main issues; The protection of communications while in transfer from sender to receiver; The protections of communications held in electronic storage; The prohibition of devices from recording dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling |
| Electronic Discovery (e-discovery) | The collection, preparation, review, and production of electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions and proceedings |
| Electronically Stored Information (ESI) | Any form of digital information, including emails, drawings, graphs, web pages, photographs, word-processing files, sound recordings, and databases stored on any form of magnetic storage device, including hard drives, CDs, and flash drives |
| European Union Data Protection Directive | A directive that requires any company doing business within the borders of the countries comparing the European Union to implement a set of privacy directives on the fair and appropriate use of information |
| Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act | An amendment to the FCRA passed in 2003 that allows consumers to request and obtain free credit reports once each year from each of the three primary consumer credit reporting companies |
| Fair Credit Reporting Act | An act that regulates the operations of credit-reporting bureaus, including how they collect, store and use credit information |
| Fair Information Practices | A term for a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data |
| Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) | A federal law that assigns certain rights to parents regarding their children's educational records |
| FISA Court | Created by the FISA, this court meets in secret to hear applications for orders approving electronic surveillance anywhere within the United States |
| Foreign Intelligence | Information relating to the capabilities, intentions, or activities of foreign governments or agents of foreign governments or foreign organizations |
| Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) | Describes procedures for the electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence information in communication between foreign powers and the agents of foreign powers |
| Foreign Intelligence Surveillance ACT of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 | An act that granted NSA expanded authority to collect, without court-approved warrants, international communications as they flow through the U.S. telecommunications network equipment and facilities |
| Fourth Amendment | This protects citizens from unreasonable government searches and is often invoked to protect the privacy of government employees |
| Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) | A law that grants citizens the right to access certain information and records of federal, state, and local governments upon request |
| Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) | A bank deregulation law that repealed a depression-era law known as Class-Steagall and requires companies that offer consumers financial products or services like loans, financial or investment advice, or insurance to explain their information-sharing |
| Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) | An act designed to improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage; the reduce fraud, waste, and abuse in health insurance and healthcare delivery; and to simplify the administration of health insurance |
| Information Privacy | The combination of communications privacy and data privacy |
| Litigation Hold Notice | Instructions sent by organizations to inform its employees to save relevant data and to suspend data that might be due to be destroyed based on normal data-retention rules |
| National Security Letter (NSL) | Compels holders of your personal records to turn them over to the government; an NSL is not subject to judicial review or oversight |
| NSL gag provision | Prohibits NSL recipients from informing anyone, even the person who is the subject of the NSL request, that the government has secretly requested this or her information |
| Opt in | To give an organization the right to share personal data, such as annual earnings, net worth, personal investment information, loan amounts, and Social Security numbers, to other organizations |
| Opt out | To refuse to give an organization the right to collect and share personal data with unaffiliated parties |
| PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011 | An act that granted a four-year extension of two key provisions in the USA PATRIOT act that allowed roving wiretaps and searches of business records |
| Pen register | A device that records electronic impulses to identify the numbers dialed for outgoing calls |
| Predictive coding | A process that couples human guidance with computer-driven concept searching in order to "train" document review software to recognize relevant documents within a large collection of documents |
| Privacy Act | Establishes a code of fair information practices that sets rules for the collection, maintenance, use and dissemination of personal data that is kept in systems of records by federal agencies |
| Right of Privacy | "The right to be left alone- the most comprehensive of rights, an the right most values by a free people" |
| Right to Financial Privacy Act | An act that protects the records of financial institution customers from unauthorized scrutiny by the federal government |
| Stalking App | A cellphone spy software that can be loaded on someone's cell phone or smartphone within minutes, making it possible for the user to perform location tracking, record calls, view every text message or picture sent or received, and record the URLs |
| Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act | A law that regulates the interception of wire and oral communication; also known as the Wiretap act |
| Transborder data flow | The flow of personal data across national boundaries |
| Trap and Trace | A device that records the originating number of incoming calls for a particular phone number |
| U.S. Person | Under FISA, it is defined as a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or company |
| USA Freedom Act | An act passed following startling revelations by Edward Snowden of secret NSA surveillance programs, which terminated the bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA |
| USA Patriot act | An act passed 5 weeks after 9/11. It gave sweeping new powers both to domestic law enforcement and U.S international intelligence agencies, including increasing the ability of law enforcement agencies to search telephone, email, medical, financial records |
| Vehicle event data recorder (EDR) | A device that records vehicle and occupant data for a few seconds before, during and after any vehicle crash that is severe enough to deploy the air bags |
| Wiretap Act | A law that regulates the interception of wire and oral communications; also known as Title III |
| Anonymous expression | The expression of opinions by people who do not reveal their identity |
| Anonymous remailer service | A service that allows anonymity on the internet by using a computer program that strips the originating header and/or IP address from the message and then forwards the message to its intended recipient |
| Anti-SLAPP laws | Laws designed to reduce frivolous SLAPPs, which is a lawsuit filed but corporations, government officials, and others against citizens and community groups who oppose them on matters of concerns |
| Child Online Protections Act (COPA) | An act signed into law in 1998 with the aim of prohibiting the making of harmful material available to minors via the internet; the law was ultimately ruled largely unconstitutional |
| Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) | An act passed in 2000; it required federally financed schools and libraries to use some form of technological protection (such as an internet filter) to block computer access to obscene material, pornography, and anything else considered harmful to minors |
| Communications Decency Act (CDA) | Title V of the Telecommunications Act, it aimed at protecting children from pornography, including imposing $250,000 fines and prison terms of up to two years for the transmission of indecent material over the internet |
| Defamation | Making either an oral or written statement of alleged fact that is false and that harms another person |
| Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) | Signed into law in 1998, the act addresses a number of copyright-related issues, with Title II of the act providing limitations on the liability of an Internet service provider for copyright infringement |
| Doxing | Doing research on the Internet to obtain someone's private personal information and even private electronic documents, such as photographs, and then posting that information online without permission |
| First Amendment | This protects Americans' rights to freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and freedom to assemble peaceably |
| Hate Speech | Persistent or malicious harassment aimed at a specific person that can be prosecuted under the law |
| Internet censorship | The control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet |
| Internet filter | Software that can be used to clock access to certain websites that contain material deemed inappropriate or offensive |
| John Doe lawsuit | A type of lawsuit that organizations may file in order to gain subpoena power in an effort to learn the identity of anonymous internet users who they believe have caused some form of harm to the organization through their postings |
| Libel | A written defamatory statement |
| Section 230 of the CDA | A section of the communications decency act that provides immunity to an internet service provider that publishes user-generated content, as long as its actions do not rise to the level of a content provider |
| Sexting | Sending sexual messages, nude or seminude photos, or sexually explicit videos over a cell phone |
| Slander | An oral defamatory statement |
| Strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) | A lawsuit filed by corporations, government officials and others against citizens and community groups who oppose them on matters of concern. The lawsuit is typically without merit and is used to intimidate critics out of fear of the cost and effort |
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BrooklenBlack
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