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SLHS 2203 Exam 2b
Swallowing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gustation | The sense of taste |
| Olfaction | The sense of smell |
| Mastication | The process of preparing food for swallowing (chewing) |
| Bolus | A "ball" of food/liquid to be swallowed |
| Deglutition | The process of swallowing |
| Hard palate | Roof of mouth Made up of 4 fused boney plates |
| Mandible | Lower jawbone (largest bone in human skull) Holds lower teeth & assists in mastication |
| Hyoid | Small U-shaped, solitary bone in midline of neck Allows for a wide range of tongue, laryngeal, and pharyngeal movement (speech & swallowing) |
| Temporalis | Mandibular muscle Elevates mandible |
| Masseter | Mandibular muscle Elevates mandible |
| Internal pterygoid | Mandibular muscle Elevates mandible |
| Genioglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle Retracts tongue |
| Hyoglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle Elevates hyoid |
| Styloglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle Elevates posterior tongue |
| Palatoglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle Elevates posterior tongue |
| Extrinsic tongue muscles | Attached to bones & inserts into base of tongue Alter position (back, front, up, down) |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | Origin & insertion within the tongue Alter shape (flat, curled, bunched, etc) |
| Verticalis | Intrinsic tongue muscle Flattens, widens, and elongates the tongue |
| Transversus | Intrinsic tongue muscle Narrows & lengthens the tongue to help protrude it |
| Superior longitudinalis | Intrinsic tongue muscle Curl tip of tongue and lateral surfaces |
| Inferior longitudinalis | Intrinsic tongue muscle Shorten the tongue |
| Mylohyoid | Originates from mandible near molars & inserts on hyoid Elevates tongue & floor of mouth |
| Oral preparatory stage | Food is prepared for swallowing |
| Oral transport stage | Oral transit of bolus to the pharynx |
| Pharyngeal stage | Transit of bolus to the esophagus, involves several responses to protect airway |
| Esophageal stage | Food is transported from upper esophageal region to stomach |
| Levator veli palatini | Soft palate muscle Elevates soft palate |
| Tensor veli palatini | Soft palate muscle Dilates auditory tube |
| Musculus uvulae | Soft palate muscle Shortens soft palate |
| Palatopharyngeus | Pharyngeal muscle Constricts oropharynx to channel bolus |
| Salpingopharyngeus | Pharyngeal muscle Elevates pharynx |
| Stylopharyngeus | Pharyngeal muscle Raises larynx |
| Cricopharyngeus | Pharyngeal muscle Relaxes esophageal opening |
| Middle constrictor | Pharyngeal muscle Narrows pharynx |
| Inferior constrictor | Pharyngeal muscle Narrows pharynx |
| Lateral cricoarytenoid | Laryngeal muscle Adducts vocal folds |
| Transverse arytenoid | Laryngeal muscle Adducts vocal folds |
| Oblique arytenoid | Laryngeal muscle Adducts vocal folds |
| Aryepiglotticus | Laryngeal muscle Retracts epiglottis; constricts opening |
| Thyroepiglotticus | Laryngeal muscle Dilates airway following swallowing |
| Dysphagia | A swallowing disorder involving the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and gastroesophageal junction |
| Infant anatomical differences | Tongue fills oral cavity, velum hangs lower, hyoid & larynx are higher, larynx elevates less during pharyngeal phase of swallowing |
| Video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) | X-ray while eating/drinking to help SLP see what happens in mouth, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus |
| Fiberoptic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) | SLP passes a thin, flexible endoscope w/ camera through nose while eating/drinking to assess swallowing & observe structures |
Created by:
jamiesz
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