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cell theory
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When and why did detailed cell study and theory begin?
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AP Bio - Unit 2

cell organelles + organization

TermDefinition
cell theory all organisms are composed of cells, cells are responsible for basic structure and function of all organisms, cells come from preexisting cells through self-reproduction
When and why did detailed cell study and theory begin? 1830s, access to microscopes
relationship between S.A.-volume and cell size decrease in cell size = increase S.A.-Volume ratio = more effective transfer of materials in cell
prokaryote unicellular organism that has no nucleus or organelles, very small
2 domains of prokaryotes bacteria, archaea
Bacteria domain traits cause disease, very important to environment, decomposers, products and drugs
3 shapes of prokaryotes coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete
3 parts of a cell envelope plasma membrane, cell wall, glycocalyx
plasma membrane in prokaryotes phospholipid bilayer w/embedded and peripheral proteins
glycocalyx layer of polysaccharides on outside of cell wall
glycocalyx characteristics well organized, resist removal
cytoplasm semifluid encased by plasma membrane
nucleoid (prokaryotes), region that contains the single, circle DNA
plasmid accessory/extrachromosomal rings of DNA
ribosomes in prokaryotes tiny structures, synthesize proteins in cytoplasm
cell wall in prokaryotes, function maintain cell's shape, reinforced w/peptidoglycan
flagella whip-like tail for mobility
fimbriae PROKARYOTES, small, bristle fibers that sprout from cell surface
fimbriae function PROKARYOTES, help cell stick to things
conjugation pili rigid tube structures that pass DNA from cell to cell
differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes - prokaryotes are smaller and simpler - eukaryotes have a nucleus and specialized organelles - eukaryotes can be compartmentalized for specific tasks - eukaryotes are bigger and more complex - eukaryotes are animal and plant cells
endosymbiotic theory - eukaryotes are related to archaea - nucleus evolved by invagination of the cell membrane - energy organelles (chloroplast/mitochondria) evolved when euks engulfed smaller prok cells - mitochondria/chloroplast were smaller prokaryotes
2 classes of eukaryote organelles endomembrane system, energy related
endomembrane system organelles communicate with one another via membrane channels and small vesicles
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