Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Compsci #2
From 3.2 and 4.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bandwidth | Total amount of bits that can be transferred in a unit of time |
| Latency | Total time between the request for data transfer and its arrival |
| Flash memory | Circuits that trap electrons in tiny silicon dioxide chambers. Repeated erasing slowly damages the media |
| SD cards | Provides GBs of storage |
| Gate | Computes a boolean operation. Implemented as small electronic circuits called transistors |
| Flip flops | circuits built from gates that act as a fundamental unit of computer memory |
| Cell | Unit of main memory(8 bit). Most significant bit - left end. Least significant bit - right end |
| Address | a "name" that uniquely identifies one cell in the computer's main memory |
| Central Processing Unit(CPU) | Features an arithmetic/logic unit, Control unit and Register unit |
| Bus | Communication pathway. CPU and Main memory are connected via a bus |
| Stored program | Encoded as bit patterns and stored in main memory. From there, the control unit can extract, decode, and execute instructions. The program can be altered by changing the contents of main memory |
| Machine instruction | Instruction encoded as a bit pattern recognizable by the CPU |
| Machine language | The set of all instructions recognized by a machine |
| Reduced Instruction Set Computing(RISC) | Few, simple, efficient and fast instructions (ex. PowerPC and ARM) |
| Complex Instruction Set Computing(CISC) | Many, convenient, and powerful instructions(ex. Intel) |
| Data Transfer | copy data from one location to another(LOAD, STORE) |
| Arithmetic/Logic | operates on bit patterns(+ - * / , AND, OR, SHIFT, ROTATE) |
| Control | direct the execution of the program(JUMP, BRANCH) |
| Types of Machine instruction | Data transfer, Arithmetic/Logic, Control |
| Op-code | Specifies which operation to execute |
| Operand | Gives more detailed info about the operation. Interpretation of operand varies depending on op-code |
| Program execution | Controlled by two special purpose registers, instruction register and program counter |
| Instruction register | Holds current instruction |
| Program counter | Holds address of next instruction |
| Fetch | Retrieve the next instruction from memory (as indicated by the program counter) then increment the program counter |
| Decode | Decode the bit pattern in the instruction register |
| Execute | Perform the action required by the instruction |
| Controller | Handles communication between the computer and other devices. Specialized (by type of device) / General purpose(USB, HDMI) |
| Port | The point at which a device connects to a computer |
| Memory-mapped I/O | input/output (I/O) devices are assigned memory addresses. The CPU then interacts with I/O devices using regular memory instructions, treating them like regular memory locations, making it easier to read from or write to devices |
| Parallel communication | Several signals transferred at the same time, each on a separate "line" (computer's internal bus |
| Serial communication | Signals are transferred one after the over over a single "line" (USB, FireWire) |
| Bandwidth | Maximum available data communication rate (bps - bits per second) |
| Fruitful functions | Return a value |
| Void functions | Do not return a value |
| Pipelining | Overlap steps of the machine cycle |
| Parallel processing | Using multiple processors simultaneously |
| Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data(MIMD) | Different programs, different data |
| Single Instruction, Single Data(SISD) | No parallel processing |
| Single Instruction, Multiple Data(SIMD) | Same program, different data |
| Machine Cycle | Fetch, Decode, Execute |
| Popular Communication Media | Parallel communication and Serial communication |
Created by:
jolly_n4
Popular Computers sets