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is the use of or investigation with a
microscope.
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the microscope uses glass lenses to
magnify objects we are not able to see
through our naked eye
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BIO 1

Lesson 1: Microscope

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is the use of or investigation with a microscope. the microscope uses glass lenses to magnify objects we are not able to see through our naked eye
the microscope uses glass lenses to magnify objects we are not able to see through our naked eye the microscope uses glass lenses to magnify objects we are not able to see through our naked eye
an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells , typically magnified several hundred times MICROSCOPE
TWO TYPES OF MICROSCOPE Simple Microscope and Compound Microscope
s nothing but a single biconvex lens. It referred to as a MAGNIFYING GLASS. SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
the object to be viewed in ____ microscope is placed between the optic center and the focus. simple
type of microscope where image formed is erect, virtual and magnified. simple microscope
placed multiple lenses and found out that the objects through the tube appear greatly enlarged 1590- Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen,
invented a compound microscope using convex and concave lenses. 1609- Galileo Galilei
- the first term microscope was used by _____ to refer to the compound microscope of Galilei. 1625-Giovanni Faber
an English physicist, coined the term cell in his publication Micrographia. 1665- Robert Hooke
What is Robert Hooke's publication name Micrographia
He was the first to see a plant cell under a single microscope. 1665- Robert Hooke
the English Father of Microscopy 1665- Robert Hooke
Was the first to see living cells using his own single lens microscope. He examined blood cells, yeast and insects. 1676- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
educed spherical aberrations by using several weak lenses together at certain distances to get a good magnification without blurring. 1830- Joseph Lister
introduced a mathematical formula that correlates resolving the power to the wavelength of light. It made the calculation of the theoretical maximum resolution of a microscope possible 1874- Ernst Abbe
designed and built the first transmission electron microscope . The electron microscope does not depend on light but on electrons . It can visualize objects such as small as the diameter of an atom. 1931-Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
invented the first contrast illumination which allows imaging of transparent samples . Objects can be seen without staining 1932- Frits Zernike
invented the first scanning electron microscope . It transmits a beam of electrons across the surface of the specimen. 1942- Ernst Ruska
introduced the principle of confocal imaging which gives a resolution that is higher than that of conventional light. 1957-Marvin Minsky
developed the Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) scanner. It can generate cross sectional views and three dimensional images of internal organs and structures. 1972- Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cornack
developed the first practical confocal laser scanning microscope. This instrument focus laser beams to scan objects. 1978- Thomas and Christoph Cremer
invented the scanning tunnelling microscope {STM} . It can visualize individual atoms within materials. 1981- Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer i
for his contribution to the study of microscopy. 1986- Ernst Ruska won the Nobel Prize
A nobel prize was also awarded to Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.
cloned the green fluorescent protein that he used in fluorescent microscopy 1992- Douglas Prasher
pioneered the first super resolution microscopy 1993-1996- Stefan Hall
used a cryoelectron microscope to see the atoms of the virus. 2010- Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles
got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the super microscope they invented. It can see smaller than 0.2 um. 2014- Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell and William Moerner
it magnifies ten times and it is marked as 10x Low power lens
can magnify forty times in a common compound microscope. Highest power lens
the ability of the microscope to show the details of an object being examined. Resolution-
refers to the darkness of the background with reference to the specimen Contrast
Parts of the microscope that are involved in giving support or strength to the instrument. These are also the parts that are movable and can be adjusted. MECHANICAL PARTS
a hollow tube through which light passes from the objective to the eyepiece. BODY TUBE
holds the objectives. It can be rotated to select the appropriate objectives. The lenses must be “ clicked” into place to successfully view a specimen. REVOLVING NOSEPIECE
connects the base and the body tube together. It serves as a handle for carrying the microscope. ARM
- the platform where the slide or specimen to be examined is placed. It has an opening at the center that allows light to pass from the below the specimen. STAGE
holds the slide in place STAGE CLIP
- the part where the microscope is firmly anchored. It gives support to the whole microscope and is the part where the illuminators are attached. BASE
- a joint found in microscopes at which the arm is attached to the pillar of the microscope . It is used for tilting the microscope. INCLINATION JOINT
parts of the microscope that provide and capture light illumination ILLUMINATING PARTS
reflects light from the surroundings to the specimen on the stage. MIRROR
– is used for natural light CONCAVE MIRROR
- used for artificial light FLAT SIDE/ PLANAR
It is planar on one side and concave on the other MIRROR
concentrates the light from the light source or the mirror onto the object of specimen being studied. It is located below the stage , and it is held in place by a rack. CONDENSER
regulates the amount of light that reaches the specimen . It is attached beneath the condenser. IRIS DIAPHRAGM
parts of the microscope that are involved in magnifying the image of the specimens , including the resolution. MAGNIFYING PARTS
the part through which an observer looks to view a specimen. It usually has a magnification of 10x, though eyepieces with 5x to 30x magnification are also available. EYEPIECE OR OCULAR
– the main lenses that magnify the specimen being observed . Usually microscopes have three objectives but modern ones house four or even five objectives .Typical objectives have magnifying powers of 4x, 10x, 40x, and even 100x. OBJECTIVES
The part of the microscope that you look through contains a lens that has a magnification power of 10x. EYEPIECE
It is called the eyepiece but also called ocular
Supports the upper portion of the microscope ARM
It is used to carry the microscope ARM
Hold or secure the slide in place on a stage STAGE CLIPS
The large knob that will focus the image when you are using the low power COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
It is used when the image is blurry and you wanted to focus the specimen. COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
The small knob that will focus the image when you are using the high power FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
Used to carry the microscope BASE
Supports the entire microscope BASE
Holds two or more objectives and can be rotated to easily change power REVOLVING NOSEPIECE
They consist of 4x, 10x, 40x eyepiece lens. OBJECTIVE LENSES
To focus the light onto the specimen CONDENSER
Ensures optimal lightning CONDENSER
Adjust the amount of light reaching the specimen. IRIS DIAPHRAGM/ DIAPHRAGM
Found under the stage. IRIS DIAPHRAGM/ DIAPHRAGM
This is a long tube BODY TUBE
The eyepiece holder EYEPIECE TUBE
High magnification about 40x or 100x HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE LENS (HPO)
Low magnification about 4x LOW POWER OBJECTIVES (LPO)
observe cells in cork .Coined the term cells 1665 ROBERT HOOKE
created a powerful microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek
noticed that pollen grains in water jiggled around called “ Brownian motion” 1827-33 ROBERT BROWN
- discovered nucleus 1827-33 ROBERT BROWN
a botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells. 1838- MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
- a zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells. 1839 THEODOR SCHWANN
- a physician who did a research on cancer cells and concluded “Omnis cellula e cellula“ All cells are from pre-existing cells. 1855 RUDOLph VIRCHOW
Omnis cellula e cellula what does it mean All cells are from pre-existing cells.
All cells are from pre-existing cells. what was this translated from? Omnis cellula e cellula
Cell Theory was formally established by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden in 1839
The most basic tenet underlying the field of biology. CELL THEORY
one of the basic principles of biology CELL THEORY
Formulated by the 3 German scientists Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden and Rudolph Virchow. CELL THEORY
The cell theory was formulated by __ the 3 German scientists Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden and Rudolph Virchow.
formally established by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden in 1839. CELL THEORY
THE CELL THEORY STATES: Part 1 1Cells are the smallest unit of life All living things are composed of one or more cells >they may be unicellular or multicellular 2Cells are the basic unit of organization of all organisms
THE CELL THEORY STATES: part 2 3Cells come only from preexisting cells >they are derived from spontaneous generation
Modern cell theory adds additional key points: 1. Cells carry and pass on to the offspring hereditary units during cell division. 2. All cells are relatively the same in terms of chemical composition and metabolic activity.
CELL NUMBER? UNICELLULAR and MULTICELLULAR
Are made of singe cell UNICELLULAR
Example of Unicellular Example: amoeba, bacteria chlamydomonas, yeast, euglena.
Are made of million cells MULTICELLULAR
Example of MULTICELLULAR Example: Plants and animals
Cells are extremely small therefore they can be observed under microscope.
Cells are measured in micrometers or microns.
the smallest cell MYCOPLASMA
longest cell NERVE CELL
- the largest cell Ostrich egg
• The shape of the cell varies in different organisms. The shape of plant cell is different from that of an animal cell. They may be Spherical, polygonal, Oval, columnar or flat plate like, Elliptical, Spindle shaped, cuboidal
Created by: annebelle
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