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Neurological
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| OT treatment: application of pressure stockings and abdominal binders, hydration, gradual progressive daily head-up tilt -For an acute episode: reclined quickly and, if sitting in a wheelchair, should be tipped back with legs elevated until symptoms subs | Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) |
| OT treatment: Education of patients, caregiver, and family members, If AD occurs: Sit patient upright, lower legs if possible, loosen tight clothes, closely monitor BP | Autonomic Dysreflexia |
| OT treatment: TENS, acupuncture, spinal cord stimulation | Pain Syndrome |
| OT treatment: daily inspection of skin, keep clean, pressure relief techniques, early recognition, management of tissue loads | Pressure ulcers |
| no function below head level, ventilator dependent - head and neck movement- flexion, extension, rotation - total assistance | C1-C3 Spinal cord injury |
| No longer ventilator dependent, lacks ability to cough - dependent for feeding,dressing, and bowel/ bladder care, bed mobility, transfers - Independent for operating adjustable bed, electric wheelchair with pressure relief | C4 spinal cord injury |
| Elbow flexion - dependent foe bowel/bladder care - mod to max A for bed mobility - Max A for sliding board transfers - Independent for self feeding,electric wheelchair with hand controls, manual wheelchair with quad pegs | C5 spinal cord injury |
| Equipment: Day- wrist cock up splint and at night intrinsic plus universal cuff, mobile arm support | C5 spinal cord injury |
| Wrist extension and tendoesis grasp - Dependent for bowel/ bladder care - Independent for self feeding with adaptive equipment, upper body dressing, pressure relief, bed mobility, transfers, manual wheelchair, can drive adaptive car | C6 spinal cord injury |
| Elbow extension - Independent for all self care, wheelchair push ups, uneven transfers, manual wheelchair on slightly uneven ground | C7 spinal cord injury |
| Flexion of middle finger - Independent for car transfers | C8 spinal cord injury |
| Partial to full innervation for trunk flexion and rotation - Able to perform unsupported seated activities | T7-T12 Spinal Cord Injury |
| Not mechanically induced- this type of injury may be delayed from the moment of impact | Secondary injury (TBI) |
| - Post-traumatic seizures - Hydrocephalus - Deep vein thrombosis - Heterotopic Ossification - Spasticity | Complications of TBI |
| Autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheaths surrounding the neurons of the brain and spinal cord - fatigue- most common symptom - paresthesias - sensitivity to heat - pain - vertigo - diplopia | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
| OT treatment: joint protection, clear walkways, adaptations for low vision, sensory re-education, adaptions for short term memory, resting splints precautions: avoid extreme physical stress, avoid thermal physical agent modalities, educate patient | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
| Neurodegenerative disorder in which the brain stops producing the neurotransmitter dopamine - Tremors - muscle rigidity and stiffness - cogwheel of joints - Akinesia or Bradykinesia - shuffling gait - impaired memory | Parkinson's disease |
| OT treatment: Adapt home, moist heat, gentle ROM, distal wrist weights, weighted utensils, medication management Precautions: High risk for falls, prone at aspiration, medication side effects | Parkinson's disease |
| Autoimmune disorder in which the immune system blocks the neuromuscular junctions between the nerves and the voluntory muscle fibers - muscle weakness - drooping eyelid - impaired facial muscles | myasthenia gravis (MG) |
| OT treatment: adaptions for weakness, educate the patient, energy conservation Precautions: watch for changes in respiration | myasthenia gravis (MG) |
| A stroke caused by sudden bleeding in the brain due to a vessel bursting | Hemorrhagic CVA |
| A stroke in which high blood pressure causes a blood vessel deep in the brain to rupture. | Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage |
| -Exercise program focused on ROM - Dynamic weight shifting - Trunk strengthening - Compensatory strategies - Dynamic reaching - Standardized assessments - Weight bearing through affected UE - Constraint induced movement therapy | OT treatment for CVA |
| Characterized as a drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up from sitting or lying down - Dizziness - light headedness - nausea - headache - sweating - fatigue - loss of consciousness | Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) |
| Medical Emergency, generally occurs in patients with a SCI at levels of T6 and above - high blood pressure - pounding headache - flushed face - goosebumps - nasal stuffiness - nausea - slow pulse ( slower than 60 bpm) | Autonomic Dysreflexia |
| chronic pain is one of the frequent secondary complications for individuals with SCI - Neuropathic pain | Pain Syndrome |
| Localized injury to skin usually over boney promidence due to pressure, sheering, friction and moisture | Pressure ulcers |
| Equipment: Manual wheelchair, tendonitis splint, transfer board, built up handles | C6 spinal cord injury |
| Abduction of little finger - Independent for feeding, bathing, grooming, oral and facial hygiene, dressing, bladder management and bowel management, manual wheelchair, and transfers | T1 spinal cord injury |
| Finger abduction and adduction of the IP joint, thumb abduction, MCP joint flexion wiht IP joint extension, thoracic spine extension. | T2-T6 spinal cord injury |
| L2 hip flexion, L3 knee extension, L4 ankle doriflexion, L5 long toe extensors - L1 to L2 transer from bottom of tub, walking with leg braces and crutches - L3 to L5 walking with leg braces and straight cane | L1-L5 spinal cord injury |
| Ankle planterflexion - S1 to S3 walking without leg braces | S1 spinal cord injury |
| Induced by a mechanical force and occurs at the moment of injury | Primary Injury (TBI) |
| - Vomiting - Lethargy - headache - confusion - loss of consciosness - vision changes | Symptoms of TBI |
| - multimodal sensory stimulation - rehabilitation programs to improve motor function - activity based interventions - memory encoding strategies - cognitive orientation to occupational performance (co-op) - attention process training | OT treatment for a TBI |
| Progressive motor neuron disease in which the nerve cells deteriorate and die - progressive weakness - loss of fine motor control - difficulty walking - slurred speech - muscle cramps - difficulty maintaining upright posture - cognitive decline | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
| OT treatment: AAROm, PROM, AFO for foot drop, energy conservation, eye gaze control, environmental modifications Precautions: Progressive resistive exercise, monitor for decreased respiratory function, monitor for pressure sores | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
| Immune system attacks the myelin sheaths and axons of the peripheral nervous system - Tingling sensations - muscle weakness - distal sensory loss - fatigue - edema in legs - possible facial palsy - anxiety | Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) |
| OT treatment: Adaptations for fine motor tasks, energy conservation, work simplification Precautions: watch for signs of fatigue during treatment, watch for muscle substitution patterns during movement | Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) |
| Embolism in the brain blocks blood flow to brain tissue | Ischemic CVA |
| Aneurysm near the surface of the brain bursts and blood leaks out in the space between the skull and the brain | Subarachnoid CVA |
| A blood vessel inside the brain ruptures and blood leaks out into the brain tissue | Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) |
| Brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain - Symptoms clear completely - Duration from a few minutes to several hours | Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) |
| Progressive neurological disorder, genetic, has no cure, and is fatal - Chorea - Dystonia - Dysarthria - Dysphagia - Incoordination - Impaired balance - loss of executive functioning - rigid, inflexible thinking - Impaired impulse control | Huntington's disease |
| Adaptive dishes and utensils, grab rails for toileting and bathing, loose fitting clothes, zipper pulls, adaptive grooming devices, label cupboards, removing safety hazards, educate patient and caregiver | OT treatment for Huntington's disease |
| -Complete No sensory or motor function is preserves in the sacral segment S4-S5 | Asia A |
| -Sensory incomplete Sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4-S5 | Asia B |
| -Motor Incomplete Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and more than half of key muscle functions below the neurological level have a muscle grade less than 3 (0-2) | Asia C |
| -Motor incomplete Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and at least half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of 3 or more | Asia D |
| -Normal Motor and sensory functions are normal | Asia E |
Created by:
cnk
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