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Pilot's Environment
Block 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The pitot-static system provides the sources of air pressure for the operation of the ___ , ___ , and ____ . | altimeter, vertical speed, and airspeed |
| There are two major parts of the pitot-static system: | Pitot Tube - with impact pressure chamber and lines Static Air Vents - with a static pressure line |
| The pitot tube is the source of _____ | impact pressure, which is the result of the aircraft’s motion through the air. |
| Static air vents are the source of | external atmospheric pressure and consist of a small hole or group of holes connecting outside air pressure to the pitot-static instruments |
| Which instrument is the pitot tube connected to? | Airspeed indicator |
| The instruments affected by the pitot-static system include: | - Altimeter - Vertical speed indicator - Airspeed indicator |
| What does the altimeter display? | the height of the aircraft above seal level when set to the local altimeter setting |
| If the altimeter is not updated, when flying from lower to higher pressure, what happens? | The actual altitude is higher than shown on the altimeter. |
| If the altimeter is not updated, when flying from higher to lower pressure, what happens? | The actual altitude is lower than shown on the altimeter. |
| What does the vertical speed indicator (VSI) measure? | the rate of climb or descent in hundreds of feet per minute. |
| The VSI displays 2 different types of info: | -Trend (climb/descent) -Rate (altitude change) |
| What does the airspeed indicator measure? | indicated airspeed (impact pressure, the difference between pitot and static pressures) in knots. The airspeed |
| Indicated Airspeed (IAS) is read directly from? | the airspeed indicator |
| True Airspeed (TAS) | is IAS corrected for temperature and pressure |
| The magnetic compass is the ONLY | self-contained direction-seeking instrument in the aircraft |
| What is variation? | angular difference between true north and the direction indicated by the magnetic compass. |
| What is deviation? | magnetic compass error caused by electromagnetic interference within the aircraft. |
| Instruments that use gyroscope: | -Turn Coordinator -Heading indicator (DG) -Attitude indicator |
| What does the turn coordinator show? | yaw and roll of the aircraft around the vertical and longitudinal axes. |
| What is the Heading Indicator/Directional Gyro (DG) designed to do? | to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass. |
| What does the attitude indicator? | its miniature aircraft and horizon bar, displays a picture of the attitude of the aircraft; reliable and most realistic flight instrument; blue up top and brown on bottom |
| The attitude indicator gives? | Bank and Pitch |
| Which two instruments make up the turn coordinator? | inclinometer and rate of return indicator |
| What type of equipment does the automatic direction finder (ADF) use to aid with navigation? | navigate using non-directional radio beacons (NDBs) |
| What does the VOR receiver present? | information to indicate bearing TO or FROM the station. |
| The VOR receiver consists of: | - Omnibearing Selector (OBS), sometimes referred to as course selector, consists of a selector knob and azimuth dial - Course deviation indicator needle (left-right needle) - TO-FROM indicator - Navigation frequency tuner |
| NAV Radio Receiver | navigation to and from the navigational aid (NAVAID). |
| The VOR course deviation indicator needle indicates the aircraft’s position in relation to the selected _____. | Radial |
| What does the glideslope needle indicate? | the position of the aircraft with respect to the glide path. |
| What does the localizer needle indicate? | whether the aircraft is right or left of the localizer centerline, |
| Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) | receives both VOR and NDB signals |
| What can the Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) indicate | either bearing to a waypoint or to a VHF Omnidirectional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC) used to establish the waypoint. |
| Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) is a combination of 3 instruments: | - Heading indicator - VOR/Localizer (LOC) indicator - Glideslope indicator |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | provides accurate position, speed, and precise time information on a continuous global basis, reported in latitude and longitude. |
| NAV/COM Radio | incorporates NAVigation and COMmunications radios in one unit. |
| Flight Management System (FMS) | computer system that uses a large database to allow routes to be preprogrammed, and fed into the system by means of a data loader |
| FMS displays include at least: | - Primary Flight Display (PFD) - Navigation Display (ND) - Multifunction Display (MFD) |
| Multifunction Display (MFD) | serves as a multi-purpose computer, and can be used as a backup for the other displays. |
| What does the Primary Flight Display (PFD) replace? | the attitude indicator, altimeter, radar altimeter, airspeed indicator, and glideslope indicator. Configured into approach or cruise configuration. |
| Navigational Display (ND) | configured in either the full-compass or the segmented arc configuration. |
| What does the Multifunction Display (MFD) display? | - Terrain display - Route planning - Checklists -Weather information - Schematic diagrams of aircraft systems used for troubleshooting and during an emergency |
| Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS) | self-contained, airborne collision system that is intended to provide a backup for the separation services provided by ATC, in order to prevent near mid-air or mid-air collisions. |
| TCAS is NOT an ____ system, but it is a system that directly affects ___ | ATC, ATC |
| Two TCAS Systems: | TCAS I: Traffic advisories TCAS II: Traffic and resolution advisories |
| TCAS as 3 functions: | - Surveillance - Collision Avoidance System (CAS) Algorithms - Air-to-Air Coordination |
| TCAS Alerting System: | - Traffic Advisories (TAs) - Resolution Advisories (RAs) |
| When are Traffic Advisories (TAs) issued? | Traffic Advisories (TAs) are issued about 45 seconds prior to the Closest Point of Approach (CPA). - Potential traffic is brought to the attention of the pilot visually and/or audibly |
| When are Resolution Advisories (RAs)? | Resolution Advisories (RAs) are issued about 30 seconds prior to the CPA (TCAS II only). |
| Which of the following best describes TCAS? | - Operates independently from ground-based ATC - Designed to prevent near mid-air and mid-air collisions |
| How should you respond, when an aircraft under your jurisdiction informs you that it is responding to an RA? | - Don’t issue any instructions contrary to the RA |
| Hypoxia | blood, tissues, and/or cells don’t receive enough oxygen to maintain normal physiological function. |
| Hyperventilation | abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs. |
| Spatial disorientation (vertigo) | the loss of proper bearings or the state of mental confusion as to position, location, or movement relative to the position of the Earth; if their aircraft experiences pitot-static or gyroscopic system failure |
| Which of the following components does the altimeter depend on for operation? | Static Air Vent |
| Which instrument in the FMS would contain information related to terrain? | Multifunction Display |
| Which instruments become inoperative in most small aircraft if the vacuum pump fails? | Heading indicator and attitude indicator |
| Blockage of the pitot tube opening adversely affects | the airspeed readout (IAS) |
| What happens in higher altitudes to cause an aircraft to indicate a lower airspeed reading? | Fewer air molecules enter the aircraft's pitot tube |
| Which instrument is not connected to the pitot-static system? | Attitude indicator |
| Codes assigned by ATC for the purposes of radar identification and flight tracking are referred to as | Discrete codes |
| Which is used for flight planning and en route portion of flights? | TAS |
| For aircraft flying at high altitude, which correctly reflects the relationship between TAS? | TAS is higher than its IAS |
| What component does the pilot use to reset the heading indicator periodically due to precession? | Magnetic Compass |
| If the aircraft experiences pitot-static or gyroscopic system failure, the pilot may experience | Spatial disorientation |
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