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Radio and Satellite
Block 3 (Navigation)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary ILS Components | -Localizer Transmitter -Glideslope Transmitter -Marker Beacons |
| Supplementary ILS Components | -Approach Lights -Compass locator -Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) |
| The localizer provides the pilot with course horizontal guidance to ____ | the runway centerline |
| The glideslope/glidepath provides the pilot with _____ guidance to the runway in the direction of the localizer front course. | vertical |
| What is the purpose of marker beacons on the ILS? | to identify particular locations on the approach to an instrument runway. |
| What is the purpose of approach lights in the ILS? | provide the basic means to transition from instrument flight to visual flight for landing. |
| A localizer transmitter operates in the ____ band and the glideslope operates in the ___ band | VHF, UHF |
| Nondirectional Beacon (NDB) | An NDB is a low/medium frequency (L/MF) radio beacon transmitting nondirectional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft equipped with direction-finding equipment can determine his/her bearing |
| How are all NDBs, except compass locators, identified? | 3-letter identifier Morse Code |
| What is the principal error associated with Inertial Navigation System (INS)? | degradation of position with time |
| The GPS constellation of ___ satellites is designed so that a minimum of ___ is always observable by a user anywhere on Earth | 24, 5 |
| What is the Global Positioning System (GPS)? | satellite−based radio navigation system, which broadcasts a signal that is used by receivers to determine precise position anywhere in the world. |
| Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) | equipment and software which augments the GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) |
| Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) | provides differential corrections and integrity monitoring of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). |
| Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) | used by the GPS receiver to verify the integrity (usability) of the signals received from the GPS constellation. RAIM determines if a satellite is providing corrupted information. |
| Most Area Navigation (RNAV) systems include ___. | Flight management System (FMS) computer |
| RNAV routes are made up of what? | series of waypoints |
| What is a waypoint? | predetermined geographical position used for route/instrument approach |
| Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) | area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an Air Traffic Service (ATS) route |
| What navigational system is a self-contained navigation system that provides aircraft position and navigation information? | Inertial Navigation System (INS) |
| Who is responsible for operating the GPS satellite constellation and monitoring the GPS satellites to ensure proper operation? | DOD |
| VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) | ground-based electronic NAVAID transmitting VHF navigation signals, 360 degrees in azimuth, oriented from magnetic north. |
| What is the primary navigation tool for the basis of navigation in the National Airspace System (NAS)? | VORs |
| What satellites are subject to line-of-sight restrictions? | VHF-UHF Omnidirectional facilities, VOR (VHF), TACAN (UHF), and VORTAC (VHF/UHF). |
| Three classes of VORS: | - T (Terminal) – Used for navigation in a terminal area around an airport - L (Low altitude) – Generally used to navigate on airways - H (High altitude) – Used to navigate on all Air Traffic Service (ATS) routes |
| What does VOR effectiveness depend on? | proper use and adjustment of both ground and airborne equipment. |
| A VOR antenna transmission pattern is ______________. | Omnidirectional |
| A VOR station projects _______________. | 360 usable magnetic radials |
| Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is primarily used in aircraft for what type of operations? | Military or Naval |
| What type of NAVAID is TACAN? | UHF electronic rho-theta air NAVAID |
| What Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) used for? | used to measure, in nautical miles, the slant range distance of an aircraft from the DME NAVAID. |
| The DME operates in the _____ spectrum. | UHF |
| What DME on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator? | Transponder |
| VHF Omnidirectional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC) | is considered to be a unified NAVAID and provides VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN DME at one site. |
| VORTAC offers a combination of which NAVAIDs? | VOR and TACAN |
| The instrument landing system (ILS) is to designed to provide: | - An approach path with both course and altitude guidance - An exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on final approach to a specific runway |
| The airborne equipment of the INS: | - Accelerometers to measure acceleration which, when integrated with time, gives velocity - Gyros to measure direction |
| How does the INS receive information to provide aircraft position and navigation information? | Information is in response to inertial effects on system components |
| Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) | refers collectively to the worldwide positioning, navigation, and timing determination capability available from one or more satellite constellations in conjunction with a network of ground stations. |
| Area Navigation (RNAV) | method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids (NAVAIDs) |
| Radar monitoring by air traffic control (ATC) is required for all Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft on all ____(except in Alaska) | random RNAV routes |
| Which navigation system is based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route? | PBN |
| Which of the following are characteristics of RNAV systems? | - Database ensures that the most appropriate aids are automatically selected during updates - Most systems include an FMS computer |
| What are the 3 fixed route systems for air navigation purposes? | - Airways (Class E Airspace) - Jet Route System (Class A Airspace) - RNAV Routes (Class A and Class E Airspace) |
| How are jet routes or victor airways formed? | Many VORs are connected by specific radials |
| VOR airways are established in class ___ airspace in the form of a ___ | E; corridor |
| What altitudes does the VOR airway system generally consist of? | 1200 AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 MSL |
| VOR airways are identified by what letter followed by the route's identifying number? | V |
| Jet routs are depicted on ______ and consists of routes established from ___ | EN Route High Altitude Charts; 18,000 MSL to FL 450, inclusive |
| Jet routes are identified by what letter followed by the route's identifying number? | J |
| Q routes are ___________________. | RNAV routes designed for high altitude chart |
| T routes are ___________________. | RNAV routes designed for low altitude chart |
| What navaid is composed of gyros, accelerometers, and a navigational computer? | INS |
| Which navigation system does not require information from external sources? | INS |
| Which system provides navigation and precision approach in the vicinity of an airport? | GBAS |
| Which of the following components does not support RNAV? | visual-based aids |
| Generally, the vertical dimension of a low altitude VOR air are from | 1200 AGL up to, but including 18,000 MSL |
| What must an aircraft have in order to maneuver in an RNAV route? | RNAV capability |
| Which is not a radio-based navigation system? | INS |
| Which is NOT a characteristic of NDB? | More accurate than VOR |
| What is the Inertial Navigation System (INS)? | a system that navigates precisely without any input from outside of the aircraft. It is fully self-contained. |
| Which of the following is not a fixed route system established for air navigation purposes? | RNP Routes |
| The upper limit of the jet route structure is | up to and including FL 450 |
| To fly a desired course toward a VOR station, the pilot must ensure that the aircraft's heading agrees with the course set on the VOR course selector, the instrument displays a 'TO' indication and the ___ | VOR needle is centered |
| If no changeover point is depicted along the airway, it means | the changeover point is to be made halfway between to the NAVAIDS |
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