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ATC Surveillance
Block 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a radar? | measures the time interval between transmission and reception of radio pulses and correlation |
| What is primary radar? | radar system in which a minute portion of a radio pulse transmitted from a site is reflected by an object and then received back at the site for processing and display at an ATC facility. |
| What are the components of the primary radar? | Transmitter, Antenna, Receiver and Radar Display |
| What does the transmitter in primary radar do? | generates a pulse of radio energy. |
| What does the antenna in primary radar do? | The antenna focuses and broadcasts radio energy, then collects the REFLECTED return. |
| What does the receiver in primary radar do? | amplifies and converts the reflected energy into video. |
| What does the radar display in primary radar do? | depicts the position and movement of objects that reflect radio energy. |
| How does primary radar work? | -Sends out a signal which is REFELCTED by anything with mass -Signal is a pulse of radio energy similar to an x-ray -Requires no equipment in the aircraft -Reflected signal is timed, processed, and presented on a radar display |
| Secondary Radar / Radar Beacon or | radar system in which the object to be detected is fitted with cooperative equipment, known as a transponder. |
| Components of secondary radar? | Interrogator, Antenna, transponder, decoder and radar display |
| What is an interrogator? | generates radio signals which are sent to the antenna for broadcast; ground-based transmitter |
| How is the antenna in secondary radar different from primary radar? | antenna is mounted on top of the associated primary antenna, but it broadcasts radio signals covering the same azimuth as the primary antenna |
| What is a transponder? | receives the interrogator’s signals and automatically replies with the code assigned by ATC; located on the aircraft |
| What is a decoder? | processes the transponder replies and sends them to the radar display |
| How is the radar display in secondary radar different from primary radar? | depicts an electronic presentation of radar-derived information |
| What are advantages of secondary radar? | - Less vulnerable to blind spots (blind zone) - Longer range than primary radar - Not degraded by weather or ground clutter |
| What are the disadvantages? | - Only displays aircraft with transponders - Return is affected by the aircraft's orientation along its longitudinal axis |
| What is a video map? | electronically displayed map on the radar display |
| What does ADS-B stand for? | Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast |
| What is ADS-B? | surveillance system in which an aircraft to be detected is fitted with a data link transmitter. The aircraft periodically broadcasts its Global Positioning System (GPS)- derived position, call sign, velocity, and other information over the data link. |
| Automatic in ADS-B | Transmits location and other information every second with no pilot action. |
| Dependent in ADS-B | Dependent on aircraft equipped with a rule compliant position source and appropriate signal transmitter. |
| Surveillance in ADS-B | Uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology to provide aircraft position and altitude. Position accuracy is independent of the distance from the ground station. |
| Broadcast in ADS-B | Equipment automatically transmits data to ground stations for ATC system use and to any airborne aircraft equipped to receive information. |
| What does ADS-B rely on? | -ADS-B transponder - Constellation of GPS satellites - Network of ground stations - Broadcast communications link |
| How does ADS-B work? | - GPS system sends position info to aircraft - Aircraft simultaneously broadcast position, speed, and altitude data - Ground stations transmit information for use in ATC - Transmissions occur every second |
| ADS-B is a surveillance system in which the aircraft is fitted with cooperative equipment in the form of a | ADS-B transponder |
| The ADS-B system relies on information from _______. | - Ground stations - ADS-B transponder - GPS satellites |
| How does ADS-B information reach ATC? | GPS sends info to aircraft; aircraft sends info to ground stations; ground stations send info to ATC |
| Which feature does ADS-B In offer that ADS-B Out does not? | Receives position information from other ADS-B-equipped aircraft |
| Which radar system transmits from a site, is reflected by an object, and then is received back at the site for processing and display at an ATC facility? | primary radar |
| Which primary radar component focuses and broadcasts radio energy, then collects the reflected return? | Antenna |
| What does a radar display depict? | position of objects |
| Where is the transponder located? | Aircraft |
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