Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password

Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Question

Define: fomite, (do not have to know specifics)
click to flip
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't know

Question

BSL
Remaining cards (35)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Microbio ch13

QuestionAnswer
Define: fomite, (do not have to know specifics) Item used by humans that can harbor microbes and aid transmission
BSL Biological Safety Levels: 4 categories that rank microbes from the lowest risk to the highest risk
sterilization Destruction of all microbial life (includes viruses)
disinfection Destroys pathogens on surfaces/ Vegetative pathogens/ Physical or chemical methods
sanitization Lower microbial counts to safe levels/ usually in commercial establishments/ This is done by high temperature washing & dipping in a disinfectant
Understand ANTISEPSIS and degerming. Removing microbes from living tissue (antiseptics used for this, usually with chemicals)
Understand antisepsis and DEGERMING. Mechanical removal, not killing, of microbes from a limited area/ Swabbing skin with alcohol before injection
What are critical items and which protocol is used for each? Used inside the body or penetrate tissues/blood// Must be sterile
What are semi-critical items and which protocol is used for each? Contact mucous membranes of unbroken skin/ High level disinfection, no sterilization
What are non-critical items and which protocol is used for each? Contact but do not penetrate skin/ Clean
Understand the four factors to consider when choosing a method of controlling microbial growth. Initial size of the microbial population/ Time of exposure/ Environment/ Characteristics of specific microbes
Understand heat methods, including dry heat Kills by oxidation effects: flaming, incineration, hot-air sterilization
Understand heat methods, including, moist heat/autoclaves Produces steam under pressure so temps are greater than that of boiling water/ Standard: 15PSI (121ºC) for 15 min/ Tabletop & industrial versions/ Sterilizes
Understand heat methods including, pasteurization. Eliminates pathogens and lower microbial numbers to prolong life of product/ Ex: Classical 63ºC,30min//HTST 72ºC,17min//UHT Sterilizes milk
Understand refrigeration Effect how temps are depending on kind of bacteria or microbe/ Psychrophiles continue to grow/ Bacteria may go dormant/ Some bacteria preserved by freezing, others killed (EX: Eukaryotic)
Understand pressure High pressure kills microbes/ Pascalization/ Hyperbaric oxygen therapy/ Desiccation/ Lyophilization
What two types of radiation can be used to control microbial growth? Ionizing & non-ionizing radiation
Understand filtration. HEPA filters remove microbes, endospores, and viruses Membrane filtration removes bacteria from liquids (that cannot be autoclaved)
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: phenols and phenolics, pt1 First used in surgery (Lister)/ Lipid soluble/ Denature proteins/ used in throat sprays/stable/ Disinfectants for surfaces
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: phenols and phenolics, pt2 Cresols: from coal tar, in Lysol/ Bisphenols: Hexachlorophene is good for Gram + bacteria & Triclosan- in soaps, toothpastes, sheets, etc. Good against Gram + and - bacteria
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: heavy metals, Oligodynamic action-Very small amounts exert antimicrobial activity/ Denature proteins/ AG,Hg,Cu,Zn
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: heavy metals, pt2 Silver nitrate Ag used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum/ Mercuric Chloride Hg prevents mildew in paint/ Copper sulfate Cu is an algicide/ Zinc chloride Zn is found in mouthwash
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: iodine Tincture: solution in aqueous alcohol/ Iodophor: combines with organic molecules(betadine)/ Oxidizes cellular components
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: chlorine Oxidizing agents; shut down cellular enzyme systems/ Chlorine gas/ bleach/ chloramine
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: alcohols Most common: ethanol, isopropanol/ Disrupts membranes/ kill bacteria and fungi, but not endospores or non-enveloped viruses/ Degerming
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: surfactants Includes soaps and surfactants/ Lower the surface tension of water/ Create emulsions/ Degerming
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: quats Cationic detergents/ Disrupt membranes/ Stable, nontoxic, inexpensive, colorless, odorless, tasteless/ Bactericidal/ no not affect mycobacteria or endospores
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: bisbiguanides Causes gross permeability changes to cell membrane/ Used on skin and mucous membranes/ Combined with detergents and alcohols/ Affected: vegetative bact, yeast, enveloped viruses/ Unaffected: mycobacteria, endospores, non-enveloped viruses
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: alkylating agents Inactive enzymes and nucleic acids/ Formaldehyde/ Glutaraldehyde/ o-phthalaldehyde/ Ethylene dioxide/ B-Propionolactone
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: peroxygens Oxidizing agents, highly reactive: oxidize cellular components of microbes/ Ozone/ Hydrogen peroxide/ Benzoyl peroxide/ Peracetic acid
Know the examples of chemical methods of microbial control: supercritical fluids. Compressed state/ CO2 at 10x atmospheric pressure/ Sterilizes/ Enters cell, forms carbonic acid, lowers pH (Works with vegetative cells & endospores together with peracetic acid)/ Food, medical devices, tissues
Understand the disk-diffusion method, e-test, use-dilution test, and in-use test. spread a place with bacteria/ place filter disks soaked in diff disinfectants on top/ incubate/ determine lawn grows/ extent
Understand the disk-diffusion method, e-test, use-dilution test, and in-use test. Provides a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Understand the disk-diffusion method, e-test, use-dilution test, and in-use test. Metal cylinders dipped in broth cultures of test bacteria and dried/ Contaminated cylinders are exposed to disinfectant for desired times/ Cylinders dropped back in broth/ Growth or no growth recorded/ kills or not
Understand the disk-diffusion method, e-test, use-dilution test, and in-use test. To check if disinfectant is contaminated/ Disinfectant + inactivator/ If growth is observed, the disinfectant was contaminated
Understand hypertonic environments. Solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell. Water flows out of cell and into the surrounding solution
Created by: Clinton Perdue
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards