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a&p test one
cardiovascular, blood, lymphatic and immune system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| components of blood and function | red blood cells : carry oxygen white blood cells: fight infection platelets: help with clotting plasma: help move cells, hormones, nutrients, gases and waste throguh the blood |
| what is a protein on the surface of the blood | antigen |
| neutrophils | fight bacterial infections and fungi |
| what is the RH factor | the protein on the blood. |
| how does the RH factor affect pregnancy | if you are RH- and your baby is RH + the mom will make antibodies that will cross the placenta and attack the babies red blood cells. |
| Granulocytes | have granular cytoplasm and a short life span |
| basophils | stimulates inflammation and prevents clots |
| eosinophils | fights parasites and allergies |
| agranular | have no noticeable granular and lives longer |
| what do lymphocytes do | directly attack pathogens and produce antibodies |
| monocytes | become macrophages and eat infected cells and bacteria |
| pulmonary circuit ( cardiopulmonary) | transports oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs and oxygen rich back to the heart |
| what side of the heart is the pulmonary circuit located | right side |
| systemic circuit ( general ) what type of blood and direction of the blood flows | transports oxygen rich blood from heart to body and oxygen poor blood back to the heart |
| what side of the heart is the systemic circuit located | left side |
| where is the epicardium located and what does it do | the outer most layer of the heart and lubricates the outer surface of the heart |
| where is the myocardium located and what does it do | the middle layer and is made of cardiac muscle tissue and it is responsible for heart contractions |
| where is the endocardium located and what does it do | inner most layer of the heart and it forms the lining of the heart chambers |
| where is the pericardium located and what does it do | covers the heart, it is a fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart and prevents friction when it beats |
| define systole | is when the heart contracts and pushes blood out |
| define diastole | is when the heart relaxes |
| brachial artery location | arm |
| common carotid location | neck |
| femoral artery located | inner thigh |
| dorsalis pedis artery location | foot/ ankle |
| popliteal artery location | back of the knee |
| radial artery location | inner wrist |
| temporal artery location | temple |
| facial location | chin bone |
| posterior tibial location | back of the ankle |
| active immunity | permanent immunity obtained via contact with antigens memory B cells are produced |
| natural acquired active | catching chicken pox |
| artificial acquired active | vaccines |
| passive immunity | temporary immunity obtain via antibodies ( no antigens exposed) no immune repose evoked by person immune system |
| natural acquired passive | breast milk |
| artificial acquired passive | antibiotics |
| what is autoimmunity | when the immune system attacks the tissues of the body |
| list some autoimmune disorders | lupus aids Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| how does the heart work | the right side gets oxygen poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to get oxygen. the left side collects oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps it around the body. |
| 3 main blood vessels and their function | arteries - take blood away from the heart veins - take blood to the heart capillaries - connect arteries to veins |
| PVS | arteries and veins |
| necrosis | dead cells |
| gangrene | dead tissues |
| neglect | purposeful |
| Raynauds | (arterial spasms) slowly warm |
| Buergers | ( Thromboangilitis Obliterans) ulcers |
| Aneurysm "widow maker" | ballooning of arterial wall |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurism |
| renin | controls BP |
| systolic | pressure againt arterial wall |
| dystolic | heart relaxes |
| vericose vein | march in place |
| tortuous | twisted vein |
| superficial thrombophlebitis | blood clot directly under the skin |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis. in calf swollen red and hot |
| chronic venous insufficiency | valves do not work like they used too |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the vein |
| atherosclerosis | narrowing of the artery |
| hypertension urgency | 180/100 take to ED give ace inhibitors and beta blockers |
| hypertensive emergency | 180/120 target organ damage symptoms get bp down in 2 hrs continue monitoring every 5-15 mins give hypertensive medications |
| what is the best way to communicate with patient | write it down |
| tia | baby stroke before the big stroke |
| left ventricle | main heart pump |
Created by:
patnix8089
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