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Pathognomonic Signs
Pathognomonic signs for challenge bowl
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pt is a 70 year old male patient complaining of shortness of breath on physical exam it is noted that he has a barrell chest and has been smoking 1 pack/day for the last 50 years what is he most likely suffering from | COPD |
| Pt is coughing up greenish rusty colored sputum on physical exam consolidation is noted in the right lower lobe | Pneumonia of the Right lower lobe |
| Pt has a beefy red tongue what is the patient suffering from and what test would you run | Pernicious anemai; schilling's test to check for pernicious anemia cause |
| Pt has a stepladder fever what are they suffering from | Malaria |
| Pt is positive for cullen sign (bluish discolorization of umbilicus) what are they suffering from | Pancreatitis |
| Pt has rebound tenderness at mcburney's point what are they suffering from | Appendicitis |
| Pt has RLQ pain w/ palpation in the LLQ what is this sign and what does it indicate | Positive Rovsing sign indicative of Appendicitis |
| Pt has a positive homan's sign what are they likely suffering from | thrombophlebitis |
| You suspect your patient has a deep vein thrombosis DVT what physical exam test could you perform to check for this | Homan's sign |
| Pt has a positive kernigs sign what is this indicative of | meningitis |
| Pt has a positive burdzinski sign what is this indicative of | meningitis |
| Pt has exopthalmus what is this indicative of | hyperthyroidism |
| Pt has bronze like skin especially in the skin folds what is this indicative of | addison's disease |
| Pt has a buffalo hump, moon face, and central obesity what is this indicative of | cushings syndrome |
| Pt has brings in a stool sample that looks like rice water what are they suffering from | cholera |
| Pt has butterfly rashes what are they likely suffering from | Systemic Lupus Erythematosa |
| Pt has a feline looking face (leoning face) what are they suffering from | Leprosy |
| Pt has a chipmunk face what are they likely suffering from | bulemia nervosa |
| Pt has several spider angiomas on their body what could they likely be suffering from | liver cirrhosis |
| baby has a single crease in their palm what is this indicative of | down syndrome |
| What is the tetralogy of fallot | ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertropy |
| A newborn is found to have a ventricular septal defect a pulmonary stenosis, overriding aaorta and right ventricular hypertrophy what do they have | Tetralogy of Fallot |
| Pt comes in complaining of tunnel like vision what do you want to check them for | Glaucoma |
| Patient has blurry/ Hazzy vision what would you check them for | cataract |
| Patient has been having low grade fevers in the afternoon what could this be indicative of | pulmonary TB |
| Pt has a positive murphy's sign what does this likely indicate | Cholecystitis |
| Patient has bilateral Ptosis (they can't open their upper eyelids) what does this likely indicate | Mysathenia Gravis |
| Pt presents clutching their chest (levignes sign) what does this most likely indicate | MI (myocardial infarction) |
| Patient has Koplick's spots (clustered white lesions on the buccal mucosa) what do they have | measle's |
| You are looking at a histology slide from your patient and see what looks like an owl's eye looking back at you what does your pt likely have | cytomegalovirus |
| Pt has a positive chvosteks sign (twitching with taping on the facial nerve at the angle of the jaw) what do they have | hypocalcemia |
| PT has a positive trousseau sign (blood pressure cuff is inflated on arm and then the hand and fingers flex) what do they likely have | hypocalcemia |
| pt has a adherent gray membrane on their tonsils, pharynx and when you try and scrape it off it bleeds what do they likely have | Diptheria |
| Pt has positive grey-turner's sign (ecchymosis in flank area) what do they likely have | chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis |
| Pt has rose spots on the abdomen what do they likely have | typhoid fever |
| You are listening to your Pt's heart and hear a machine like murmur what is causing that sound | patent ductus arteriosus |
| On percussing your pt's chest you hear a stony dull sound what does this most likely indicate | pleural effusion |
| Pt has pill rolling tremors what do they liekly have | parkinson's disease |
| You see auer rods on histology sample from a patient what does this indicate | Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
| You hear a third heart sound while listening to the heart what could this indicate | congestive heart failure |
| You hear a friction rub (sand paper) like sound while listening to the heart what is the patient likely suffering from | pericarditis |
| You see Reed-Sternberg cells (giant mono and multinucleated cells) on histology sample of pt what do they have | hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Pt has aschoff nodules on histology of heart tissue what are they suffering from | Rheumatic Fever |
| what is the most common primary tumor arising from bone in adults | Multiple Myeloma |
| What is the most common adrenal meddulary tumor in adults | Pheochromocytoma |
| What is the most common adrenal medullary tumor in children | Neuroblastoma |
| What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults | S. Pneumoniae |
| What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in newborns | E. Coli |
| What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in elderly | Strep Pneumoniae |
| What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in Toddlers | E. Coli |
| What is the most common bone tumor | Metasteses from breast and Prostate |
| What is the most common brain tumor in children | Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
| What is the most common brain tumor in adult, second most common, 3rd most common and 4th most common brain tumors | Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), Then Metastasis, then meningioma, then schwannoma |
| What is the most common breast carcinoma | Invavsive duct carcinoma |
| What is most common breast mass | Fibrocystic Change (carcinoma is the most common in post menopausal women) |
| What is the most common bug in acute endocarditis | Staph Aureus |
| What is the most common bug in debilitated hospitalized pneumonia pt | Klebsiella |
| what is the most common bug in epiglottitis | HIB |
| What is the most common bug in GI tract | Bacteriodes (2nd is ecoli) |
| What is the most common bug in IV drug user with bacteremia or pneumonia | Staph Aureus |
| What is the most common bug in PID | N. Gonnorrhoeae |
| what is the most common bug in subacute endocarditis | Strep Viridans |
| What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults | Myxoma (ball Valve) |
| What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children | Rhabdomyoma |
| What is the most common cardiac tumor in adults | Metasteses |
| What is the most common cardiomyopathy | Dilated (congestive) Cardiomyopathy |
| What is the most common cause of secondary HTN | Renal Disease |
| What is the most common cause of addison's disease | Autoimmune (2nd MC is Infection) |
| What is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) | 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency often called salt wasting CAH (then 11-hydroxylase deficiency) |
| What is the most common cause of cushings | Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then primary ACTH, Adrenal adenoma, Ectopic ACTH) |
| What is the most common cause of death in alzheimers pts | Pneumonia |
| What is the most common cause of death in diabetics | MI (myocardial infarction) |
| What is the most common cause of death in SLE pt | Lupus Nephropathy type IV (diffuse proliferative) |
| What is the most common cause of dementia | Alzheimers |
| What is the second most common cause of dementia | Multi infarct dementia |
| What is the most common cause of food poisoning | Staph Aureus |
| What is the most common cause of mental retardation | Downs Trisomy 21 |
| What is the second most common cause of mental retardation | Fragile X |
| What is the most common cause of preventable blindness | Chlamydia |
| What is the most common cause of pulmonary HTN | COPD |
| What is the most common cause of SIADH | Small Cell carcinoma of the lung |
| What is the most common chromosomal disorder | Down's trisomy 21 |
| What is the most common Congenital Cardiac Anomaly | VSD (membranous>Muscular) |
| What is the most common congenital cause of early cyanosis | Tetralogy of Fallot |
| What is the most common coronary artery thrombosis | LAD (Left Anterior Descending) |
| What is the most common demyelinating disease | Multiple Sclerosis |
| What is the most common dietary deficiency | Iron |
| What is the most common cause of disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS | CMV (pneumocystics carinii is most common overall) |
| What is the msot common esophageal Cancer | SCCA |
| What is the most common Fatal Genetic defect in caucasians | Cystic Fibrosis |
| What is the most common female tumor | Leimyoma |
| What is the most common form of amyloidosis | Immunologic (bence jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the amyloid light chain) |
| What is the most common form of tularemia | ulceroglandular |
| What is the most common heart murmur | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
| What is the most common heart valve in bacterial endocarditis | Mitral |
| What is the most common heat valve involved in bacterial enodcarditis in IV drug users | Tricuspid |
| What ist he most coomon heart vlave involved in Rheumatic Fever | Mitral then Aaortic |
| What ist he most common heridtary bleeding disorder | Von Wildebrand's Disease |
| What is the most common primary liver tumor | Hepatoma |
| What ist he most common liver disease | Alcoholic LIver Disease |
| What ist he most common location of adult brain tumors | Above Tentorium |
| what is the most common location of childhood brain tumors | Below tentorium |
| What is the most common lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher's |
| What is the most common motor neuron disease | ALS |
| What is the most common neoplasm of child | Leukemia |
| what ist he most 2nd most comon neoplasm in child | Medulloblastoma of Brain (cerebellum) |
| What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome | Membranous Glomerulonephritis |
| What is the most common opportunistic infection over all in AIDS (not necessarily disseminated) | PCP (pneumocistis carini pneumoniae |
| What is the most common ovarian malignancy | Serous Cystademona |
| What is the most common ovarian tumor | Hamartoma |
| What in the most common pancreatic tumor | Adeno |
| what is the most common pt to present with ALL | Child |
| What is the most comon pt to present with CLL | Adult over 60 |
| What is the most common pt to present with AML | Adult Over 60 |
| What is the most common pt to present with CML | Adult 35-50 |
| What is the most common pt to present with Goodpasteurs | Young Male |
| What is the most common pt to present with reiters | Male |
| What ist he most common pituitary tumor | Prolactinoma (2nd somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma) |
| What is the most common primary hyperparathyroidism | Adenomas (then hyperplasia then carcinoma) |
| What is the most common pt with hodkins | YOung Male (except nodular scelrosis type then Female) |
| What is the most common pt with minimal change disease | Young Child |
| What ist he most common secondary hyperparathyoidism | Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure |
| What is the most common sexually trasmitted infection | Chlamydia |
| What is the most common site of diverticula | Sigmoid Colon |
| What is the most common site of metastaiss | Regional Lymph Node |
| What is the 2nd most common site of mestatsasis | Liver |
| What is the most common site of atherosclerosis | Abdominal Aorta>Coronary> Popliteal> carotid |
| What is the most common skin cancer | Basal Cell Carcinoma |
| what is the most common stomach cancer | Adeno |
| what ist he most comon testicular tumor | Seminoma |
| what is the most common thyroid cancer | Papillary Carcinoma |
| what ist he most common tracheoesophageal fistula | Lower esophagus joins trachea/ upper esophagus blind pouch |
| What is the most common tumor of infancy | Hemangioma |
| What is the most common type of hodgkins | Mixed Cellularity (versus lympocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis) |
| What is the most common tpe of non hodgkins | Follicular Small Cleaved |
| What ist he most common vasculitis of medium and small arteries | Temporal Arteritis |
| What ist he most common viral encephalitis | HSV |
| What is the most comon worm infeciton in the US | PInworm (2nd is Ascaris) |
| Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation is a hallmark finding in what | Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSf with only modest increase in cell count) |
Created by:
smaxsmith
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