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Physio Psych Exam 2
Neuropharmapsychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neuropharmacology | Study of exogenous compounds, including specific drugs, that interact with the nervous system to cause changes in the brain and behavior. |
| Exogenous | Growing or originating from outside of the body |
| Pharmacokinetics | How the body acts on the drug |
| Pharmacodynamics | How the drug acts on the body |
| Pharmacokinetics Process | 1. Administration (oral, injection, etc) 2. Absorption and distribution (e.g., via lungs, GI tract, hypodermic injection) 3. Binds to target sites 4. Storage (in inactive sites such as fat and bone) 5. Metabolism (e.g., by liver) 6. Excretion |
| Drugs with higher affinity... | Have a higher tendency for tight binding with target receptors, and produces effects at low concentrations. |
| Drugs with low affinity... | Need high concentrations of the target to produce effects. |
| Slowest Absorption | Transdermal |
| Fastest Absorption | IV |
| Agonists (pharmacology) | Act like, or increase the effectiveness of, neurotransmitters. Agonists bind with receptors to make agonist-receptor interaction (drug action/effect) |
| Antagonists (pharmacology) | Block neurotransmitters from binding to receptors. Antagonist + Receptor = Antagonist - receptor interaction (no drug action/effect) |
| Other effects drugs host | The activation or inhibition of reputake and/or degradation from the synpase. |
| Reputake Inhibitors | Block neurotransmitter reputake, leaving more neurotransmitter in the synapse to bind to receptors (Like some anti-depressents) Overall effect is increase in signal (Indirect agonist) |
| Enzyme Inhibitors | Indirect agonist - effect on the synapse. Overall effect is increase in signal. molecules that interact with enzymes (temporary or permanent) in some way and reduce the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction or prevent enzymes to work in a normal manner |
| Negative Feedback in Pre-Synaptic Auto Receptor | When NTs bind to an active autoreceptor, the autoreceptor inhibit further NT release from terminal. |
| Antagonists (ANT) | A drug that opposes or inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell. |
| Agonists (AGO) | A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell |
| NT | Neurotransmitter |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 1 | Drug serves as precursor AGO (example: L-DOPA-dopamine) |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 2 | Drug inactivates synthetic enzyme; inhibits synthesis of NT ANT (example: PCPA-serotonin) |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 3 | Drug prevents storage of NT in vesicles ANT (example: reserpine-monoamines) |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 4 | Drug stimulates release of NT AGO (example: black widow spider venom - ACh) |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 5 | Drug inhibits release of NT ANT (example: botulinum toxin - ACh) (indicated by dots falling out of the circle into the area between the bottom of the flask and synapse.) |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 6 | Drug stimulates postsynaptic receptors AGO |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 7 | Drug blocks postsynaptic receptors ANT |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 8 | Drug stimulates autoreceptors; inhibits synthesis or release of NT ANT |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 9 | Drug blocks autoreceptors; increases synthesis orrelease of NT AGO |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 10 | Drug blocks reuptake AGO (example: cocaine - dopamine) |
| Drug Effect on Synaptic Transmission 11 | Drug inactivates acetycholinesterase AGO |
| Dose Response Curves | Generated to assess the efficiency, potency, and safety of a given drug. |
| Efficiency | How well does a drug provide a given effect |
| Potency | At what dose does a drug provide an effect, compared to other drugs |
| Saftey | ED50- Median dose for 50% of the population to have a therapeutic effect LD50- Median dose for 50% of the population to have a lethal/toxic effect. |
| Therapeutic Index | Space between ED50 and LD50 |
| Tolerance | Diminished response after repeated exposure; often leads to withdrawn effects |
| Cross Tolerance | Tolerance can diminish the effect of a second drug |
| Acute Tolerance | Develops during a single administration |
| Metabolic Tolerance | Repeated use of a drug reduces amount of drug available at the target tissue |
| Pharmacodynamic Tolerance | Changes in the nerve cell function compensate for continued presence of the drug. |
| Behavioral Tolerance (Context-specific) | Tolerance is not apparent or reduced in an novel environment. |
| Sensitization | Reverse Tolerance |
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