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MuscleChapter
Muscle chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| shortens with force. | contractility |
| Mucle fibers | Muscle cells |
| Endomysium | the thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell. |
| Perimysium | connective tissue that surrounds fascia |
| Epimysium | the sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle. |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched. |
| ability to recoil to their original strength after being stretched. | Elasticity |
| connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| fasciculi are composed of | fibers |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| action potentials | brief reversal back of the charge |
| ability to be stretched. | extensibility |
| made up of fiber muscles, contain protein. | myofibrils |
| Muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| muscle relaxing | relaxation phase |
| area in between z-lines | sarcomere |
| muscle tone | constant tention produced by muscles |
| origin (head) | most stationary end of the muscle |
| do some muscles have multiple origins? | Yes |
| Portion of the muscle between the insertion | belly |
| the insertion is the | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-Twitch Fibers | contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue. |
| makes up I-bands | actin |
| Makes up m-line, A-bands, and H zone | myocin |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane. |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscles. | motor neurons |
| formed by branches that connect to mucles | neuromuscular junction |
| enlarged presynaptic terminal | synaptic cleft |
| acetycholine | a neurotransmitter |
| specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that releases calcium during muscle contraction | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| euron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell | axon |
| a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings. | Acetylcholine |
| inability of a muscle to contract even while being stimulated. | muscle fatigue |
| having a uniform tension; of the same tone | Isotonic contractions |
| the muscle generates tension but does not shorten, and no movement occurs | isometric contractions |
| insertion | the movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin |
| the drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation. | Inspiration- |
| Synergists | muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement. |
| fixators | muscles acting to immobilize a joint or a bone; fixes the origin of a muscle so that muscle action can be exerted at the insertion. |
| muscles that act in opposition to an agonist, or prime mover. | antagonist |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| ATP stand for | adenosine triosphate |
| ADP stand for | adenosine diphosphate |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxtion phase | when muscle is relaxed. |
| high-energy molecule stored in place of ATP | Creatine Phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobics |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| what does the occipitofrontalis do | raises the eyebrows |
| what is the orbicularis oculi | muscle that closes the eyelids cause crows feet wrinkles |
| buccinator | flattens the cheek |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering muscle | Levator Anguli Superioris |
| frowning muscle | Depressor Anguli Oris |
| what are the 4 pairs of mastication muscle (chewing) | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| change the shape of a tounge | Intrinsic |
| Move the tounge | Extrinsic |
| Sternocleidomastoid | laternal neck muscle and prime mover |
| Muscles that move the thorax | Thoracic Muscles |
| compress the abdominal cavity and hold in the abdominal viscera | Abdominal wall muscles |
| Scapular movements | trapezuis and serratus anterior |
| Arm movements | pectoralis major, latinssimus dorsi, and deltoid |
| forearm movements | Triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis |
| Wrist and finger movements | retinaculum(bracelet), flexor carpi, extensor carpi, flexor digitorum, and extensor digitorum |
| Thigh Movements | Gluteus maximus |
| Leg movements | Quadriceps femoris, sartorius |
| Ankle and Toe movements | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| what muscle movement flexes and adducts the arm | Pectoralis Major |
| muscle that extends the forearm | Triceps brachii |
| muscle that flexes the forearm | Biceps brachii |
| flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
Created by:
Madison0619
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